Preschool Development and Health Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering physical growth, Erikson and Piaget stages, milestones, nutrition, sleep, safety, and health conditions in preschoolers.

Preschool Physical Growth Rate

A steady growth pattern in which preschoolers gain about $4\,\text{pounds}$ and $2\,\text{inches}$ per year.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's stage of psychosocial development for preschoolers, where initiative is fostered through active movement, play, imagination, praise, and opportunities to experiment.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's stage of cognitive development in preschoolers where children use words, images, and symbols, showing symbolic function, egocentrism, and animism, but lacking reversible thinking.

Intuitive Thought

A substage in Piaget's preoperational stage that includes the "why" stage, centering, and early conservation.

Preschool Health Fears

Common developmental anxieties in young children regarding body harm, mutilation, and death, often accompanied by the belief that illness or injury is punishment.

Age 3 Milestones

Developmental achievements by age $3\,\text{years}$, including knowing basic personal information, performing simple self-care, and managing daytime toilet training.

Ages 4 to 6 Milestones

Developmental achievements by ages $4\,\text{to}\,6\,\text{years}$, including improved fine motor control, drawing, counting, printing, and self-help skills like riding a bike and tying shoes.

Preschool Sleep Needs

A daily requirement of about $10\,\text{to}\,13\,\text{hours}$ of sleep per day, which can be disrupted by screen time.

Imaginary Companions

Common imaginary playmates that help preschoolers with social interaction, managing fear, coping, and behavior.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder involving challenges with social interaction and communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.

School Readiness

Preparedness for formal schooling that depends on language and literacy, cognition, learning behaviors, physical well-being, and social-emotional development.

Preschool Safety Teaching

Essential safety topics for preschoolers, including knowing name and address, stranger danger, bicycle safety, and immunization protection.

Asthma Triggers

Environmental and physiological factors that trigger preschool asthma, including dander, dust, infection, exercise, weather, and stress.