AP Psychology - Unit 2 Quiz pt. 3 (anterograde amnesia thru stereotype threat) duPont Manual Myers 4th ed.

Anterograde amnesia

An inability to form new memories

Retrograde amnesia

an inability to retrieve information from one's past

Proactive interference

the forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Retroactive interference

the backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Repression

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Reconsolidation

A process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

Misinformation effect

occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

Source amnesia

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined (as when misattributing information to a wrong source)

Déjà vu

that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

General intelligence

According to Spearman and others, underlying all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.

Fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

Crystallized intelligence

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

the theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc

Savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Grit

in psychology, it is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Intelligence test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Achievement test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person's future performance; testing your capacity to learn

Mental age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Stanford-Binet

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.

intelligence quotient (IQ)

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence test; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

Psychometrics

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Normal curve

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.

Flynn effect

The rise in intelligence test performance overtime and across cultures

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Content validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Construct validity

how much a test measures a concept or trait

Predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Cross-sectional study

Researchers using this method study different age groups at one time. They have found that mental ability declines with age

Longitudinal study

researchers using this method study and restudy the same group at different times in their lifespan. They have found that intelligenceremains stable, and on some tests, it even increases

Cohort

A group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period

Growth mindset

a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed

Fixed mindset

The view that intelligence, abilities, and talent her unchangeable, even with effort

stereotype threat

A self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype