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Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking?

Osteoblasts are more active and osteoclasts maintain more normal activity when mechanical stress is placed on bone.

Cells active when cartilage needs to be removed for new bone to be produced

Chondroclasts.

The epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone is an example of

A synchrondrosis.

Do surface markings allow bones to lengthen and shorten?

No.

What is the function of the meniscus?

Absorbs shock.

How does mechanical activity influence bone strength?

Cells called osteoblasts build new bone to make it stronger or denser when signaled by movement.

Why does a fracture of the clavicle usually occur in the mid region of the bone?

Due to the weakness of the junction of the two curves of the clavicle.

What type of bone is the frontal bone?

Flat bone.

Area of bone made of dense irregular connective tissue

Periosteum.

Which factor influences epiphyseal plate growth?

Testosterone and estrogen.

Which cranial bones are inferior lateral?

Temporal.

Functions of the skeletal system

Assistance in movement, blood cell production, mineral homeostasis, triglyceride storage, protection, support.

Does the periosteum produce red blood cells?

No.

What cells are active in fracture repair during the production of hard spongy bone?

Osteoblasts.

What part of the bone produces red blood cells?

Epiphyses.

What cranial bone is the keystone bone?

Sphenoid.

How does osteoporosis increase fracture risk?

Causes bones to become weaker and less dense, losing minerals like calcium, osteoclast activity outweighs osteoblast activity causing bone loss.

Does the mandible have a sinus cavity?

No.

Synovial joint characteristics

Free movable, contain a joint cavity, covered in hyaline cartilage.

What does dense regular connective tissue make?

Ligaments.

What allows the diaphysis to grow in length?

Epiphyseal plate.

Where in the bone is yellow bone marrow located?

Center of diaphysis.

Where in the bone is red bone marrow located?

Epiphyses.

Is the axial skeleton composed of bones that run through the axis of the body?

No.

Which is not an auditory ossicle?

Anvil.

What is not the axial skeleton?

Carpals.

Scoliosis

Sideways curve of spine (S or C shape) in any region.

Kyphosis

Excessive outward curve of the thoracic region (bad posture).

Lordosis

Excessive inward curve of the lumbar (arching).

Which cranial bone contains hearing organs?

Temporal.

Unpaired cranial bone

Mandible.

What happens when someone cracks their knuckles?

The pressure inside the synovial joints and gases form bubbles that cause a pop.

What occurs during bone remodeling?

Bone resorption, involves bone deposition, occurs throughout lifetime.

What is the formation of cartilage from bone called?

Endochondral ossification.

Thorax

Scapula.

Vertebrae characteristics

Cervical - transverse foramen, thoracic - articular facets for rib attachment, lumbar - largest bodies, sacrum - triangular, coccyx - tailbone.

Epiphyseal plate in adulthood

Growth plate closes and is replaced by bone and cannot grow.