History 5 - Midterm 2 Readings (Weeks 6-11)

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering required readings, author summaries, and quote-recognition clues for History 5 Midterm 2 (Weeks 6 through 11).

Rene Descartes - Discourse on Method

Argues for the use of doubt and reason to find reliable knowledge. Quote clues: doubt, reason.

Isaac Newton - Letter to the Royal Society (1672)

Reports experiments on light and color. Quote clues: light, colors.

Isaac Newton - Principia Mathematica

Explains motion and universal gravitation. Quote clues: gravity, motion.

James C. Scott - Seeing Like a State: Nature and Space

Explains how governments simplify complex places to administer them. Quote clues: maps, state control.

Immanuel Kant - What Is Enlightenment?

Encourages people to think independently instead of relying on authority. Quote clues: reason, think for yourself.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing - Nathan the Wise

A play arguing for religious tolerance and understanding. Quote clues: religious tolerance, three rings.

Abbe Sieyes - What Is the Third Estate?

Argues ordinary people constitute the nation and deserve political power. Quote clues: Third Estate, nation.

Marquis de Lafayette - Draft Declaration of Rights (July 1789)

Proposes fundamental liberties and rights. Quote clues: liberty, rights.

Malouet - Speech (August 1789)

Urges caution about rapid political change. Quote clues: caution, reform.

National Assembly - Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Declares liberty and equality before the law. Quote clues: rights, equality.

Abbe Sieyes - Preliminary to the French Constitution

Discusses political representation and a constitution. Quote clues: representation.

Thouret - Report on the Basis of Political Eligibility

Discusses requirements for political participation. Quote clues: voting qualifications.

Maximilien Robespierre - Speech Denouncing Political Eligibility Restrictions

Opposes restricting political rights to wealthier citizens. Quote clues: poor citizens, equality.

Jewish petitioners - Petition of the Jews to the National Assembly

Demands equal civil and political rights for Jews. Quote clues: Jewish equality.

Bishop La Fare - Opinion on Jewish Civil and Political Rights

Discusses whether Jews should receive full citizenship. Quote clues: Jewish citizenship.

Anonymous - The Abolition of Negro Slavery or Means for Ameliorating Their Lot

Debates slavery and enslaved people's treatment. Quote clues: slavery.

Society of the Friends of Blacks - Address in Favor of Abolishing the Slave Trade

Calls for an end to the slave trade. Quote clues: abolition.

Kersaint - Discussion of Troubles in the Colonies

Discusses unrest in French colonies. Quote clues: colonial unrest.

National Convention - Decree Abolishing Slavery (1794)

Ends slavery in French colonies. Quote clues: abolition decree.

Condorcet - On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship

Argues women deserve political rights. Quote clues: women, voting.

Etta Palm d'Aelders - Discourse on the Injustice of Laws Favoring Men

Criticizes laws discriminating against women. Quote clues: unfair laws.

Olympe de Gouges - Declaration of the Rights of Woman

Demands equal rights for women. Quote clues: women, equality.

Convention debates - Citizenship Under the Proposed Constitution

Debates the meaning and limits of citizenship. Quote clues: citizenship.

Convention debates - Women's Political Clubs and Their Suppression

Discusses restrictions on women's political participation. Quote clues: women's clubs.

Maximilien Robespierre - On the Principles of Political Morality

Defends revolutionary virtue and terror. Quote clues: virtue, terror.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - The Communist Manifesto

Criticizes capitalism and calls for working-class political struggle. Quote clues: class struggle, owners, workers.

Victor Hugo - A Fight with a Cannon

A dangerous loose cannon aboard a ship raises questions of danger and command. Quote clues: ship, cannon.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte - Addresses to the German Nation

Calls for German national unity and renewal. Quote clues: German unity.

Giuseppe Mazzini - Duties Towards Your Country

Argues citizens owe duties to their nation. Quote clues: duty, nation.

Edouard Drumont - Jewish France

Promotes antisemitic claims in France. Quote clues: antisemitism.

Heinrich von Treitschke - Extracts on Nationalism

Promotes German nationalism and expresses antisemitism. Quote clues: German nationalism.

Ernest Renan - What Is a Nation?

Defines a nation through shared memory and collective commitment. Quote clues: shared past, nation.

Anna Litveiko - In 1917

Firsthand account of the Russian Revolution. Quote clues: Russia, revolution.

Roger Casement - Consular Report on the Congo Free State

Documents forced labor and brutal colonial abuses. Quote clues: Congo, exploitation.

Karl Gorzel - Letter from a German Soldier on the Battle of the Somme

Describes the experience of a soldier in World War I. Quote clues: Somme, trenches.

Sigmund Freud - Thoughts for the Times on War and Death

Explores human attitudes toward violence and death in wartime. Quote clues: war, death.

G. Elliot Smith and T. H. Pear - Shell Shock and Its Lessons

Explains the psychological trauma of soldiers. Quote clues: shell shock, trauma.

Wilfred Owen - Dulce et Decorum Est

Poem exposing the horror of war and criticizing heroic war propaganda. Quote clues: gas attack, suffering.