Recognizing Pathogens in Animal Disease

bacillus

rod shaped bacteria

Bacteriophage

virus that specifically infects bacteria

baltimore classification

groups viruses based on how they produce mRNA from genome

biofilm

film of bacteria that stick together on surfaces; protective slimy matrix

capsid

protective protein shell that surrounds viral genetic material

capsomeres

individual protein units that form the capsid

capsule

additional sugar containing outer layer some bacteria produce

chitin

complex polysaccharide that makes up fungal sell walls

coccus

spherical shaped bacteria

conjugation

when bacteria transfer genetic material through direct contact

envelope

outer phospholipid membrane some viruses. acquire from host cells

gram negative bacteria

bacteria w/ thick peptidoglycan that stains purple in lab tests

hyphae

long, branching filaments that makeup multicelullar fungi/mold

karyogamy

fusion of 2 haploid nuclei during fungal sexual reproduction

latency

period between infection and active viral replications

lytic cycle

viral replication where virus multiples rapidly, bursting the cell

lysogenic cycle

viral replication wher viral DNA integrates into the host genome remains dominant

mycelium

network of branching hyphae forming main fungal body

peptidoglycan

polymer forming bacteria cell walls

plasmid

small, circular DNA separate from main bacterial chromosome

plasmogamy

first stage of fungal sexual reproduction where cells fuse

sarobe

organism that obtains nutrients from dead organic material

septa

porus cross walls separating separating hyphal cells

spirillum

spiral shaped bacteria

transduction

viruses transfer genetic material between bacteria

transformation

bacteria take in DNA from environment, absorbing genetic material from dead bacteria

virion

complete, individual virus particle, outside host cell

virulence

degree of damage a pathogen causes