Properties of Hair and Scalp / Hair Design

Integumentary System

The system hair, skin, nails, and glands are apart of

Follicle

The pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root

Hair Strand

A small, cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

Arrector Pili

The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle

Sebum

The oily substance secreted by the skin’s oil glands that lubricates the hair and skin

How many out of the 20 amino acids that make up hair does the body naturally produce?

11

Hair Cuticle

The layer of the hair shaft that creates the skin and the smooth, silky feel of healthy hair

The Cortex

The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment

Hair follicle

Where the hair composed of protein that grows cells originates

Keratinized Protein

What the non living fiber, emerging from the hair shaft, is composed of

90

The approximate percentage of protein in hair

COHNS Elements

The major elements that make up human hair; carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Amino Acids

The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads

Proteins

Substances comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids

Hydrogen, salt, and disulfide

The tree different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together

Hydrogen Bomd

What type of bond is broken by wetting hair with water and heat

The type of bond that is broken by wetting hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries

Hydrogen Bond

Salt bond

A weak, physical, cross-link side bonds between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH

Disulfide Bonds

What is being chemically altered when permanent waving and hair relaxers are used

Ianthionine Bonds

What hydroxide chemical relaxers broken disulfide bonds convert to

Lanugo

What Vellus hair is also known as

Vellus hair

The type of hair that is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

The three growth cycles of human hair

Alopecia Universalis

The complete loss of all body hair

Trichoptilosis

The technical term for split ends

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

The condition characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft

Fragilitas Crinium

The technical term for brittle hair

Pityriasis Steatoides

A severe drandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum

Tinea favosa

A scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp

Hair texture

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand

Coarse Hair

The type of hair with the largest diameter and usually requires more processing

Hair Stream

Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction

Line, form, space, design texture, and color

The five basic elements of three-dimensional hair design

Line

The element of hair design that defines form and space, while creating shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle

Single lines

What a one-length hairstyle is an example of

90-degree angle

What is formed when contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge

Space

The area surrounding the form, or the area the hairstyle occupies, which my also contain curls, waves, straight hair, or any combination

Design texture

What refers to directional wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style of a client

Smooth wave patterns

What stylists should use to accentuate the face and narrow a round head shape

Hair color

The element of hair design that is used to define texture and line, in addition of linking design elements together

Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony

The five important principles in art and design (also the basis for hair design)

Proportion

The comparative relationship of one thing to another in hair design

Straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly

The four common directional patterns/waves found in all hair that must be considered when designing a style

Square inch

What is hair density measured by

Straight profile

What is considered to be the ideal profile

A high forehead or receding hairline

What a curved parting can be used for

Diagonal back partings

Used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle

Hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis

Hair bulb

The thickened club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root

Dermal papillae

The structures containing the blood and nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth

Sebum

The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

The cortex

What each individual, overlapping cuticle scale is attached to

Hair cuticle

A layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers

The cortex

Where the changes involved in oxidation hair coloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing takes place

A Polypeptide chain

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Eumelanin

The pigment that provides brown or black color to hair

Pheomelanin

The pigment in hair that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger or yellow and blonde tones

Wave pattern

The shape of the hair strand

Anagen

The growth phase during which new hair is produced

Oval shape

The cross-section shape of curly hair

Telogen phase

The resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed

Canities

The technical term for gray hair

Hypertrichosis

The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair

Monilethrix

The technical term for beaded hair

Pityriasis

The medical term to describe dandruff

Seborrheic dermatitis

A severe form of dandruff accompanied by redness and inflammation

Tinea

The medical term for ringworm

Fungal organisms

What causes Tinea

Scabies

A highly contagious disease caused by a parasite called a mite

Pediculosis capitis

The medical term for and infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

Furuncle

An acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain

Density

The number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp

Hair Porosity

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture

More alkaline

The kind of chemical solution that hair with low porosity requires

Hair elasticity

The ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking

Products with moisturizers and emollients

What should be used to treat dry hair and scalp

Horizontal lines

Used to create width in the hair, extending the same direction while maintaining a constant distance apart

Vertical lines

Used to create length and height in hair design while making the hairstyle appear longer and narrower

Diagonal lines

Positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features

Curved lines

Lines that move in a circular or semi-circular direction and are used to soften a design

Wave

Curved lines that are repeating in opposite directions placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally

Directional lines

A definite forward or backward movement

Form

Another name for the three-dimensional volume or mass of a hairstyle that exhibits length, width, and depth

The shape of the head and face, the length and width of the neck, and the shoulder line

What hair form should be in proportion to

Curly hair

Can create a larger form of hair that is more coiled, grows more compact together, and will reflect less light

Keratin-based chemical treatments

Used for smoothing or straightening, now more readily available, but still not considered completely permanent

Color

The element that acts as an illusion and helps to create lines of attention in a hairstyle

Light colors

Used to draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel

A bold, dramatic accent

Can be created using a single line of color, or a series of repeated lines

Balance

Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry in a design

Four equal parts

The amount of parts the face should be divided into measure symmetry

Symmetrical balance

Created when the two halves of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other

Rhythm

The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design

Emphasis

The draws the eye first, before it travels to the rest of the design (also known as emphasis)

Harmony

The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together

Wave patterns and hair texture

The two defining characteristics of hair type

Fine, medium, and coarse

The basic hair textures

Wavy, medium hair

Offers the most versatility in styling

Facial bones

What the facial shape is determined by (position and prominence)

Volume on the top and closeness or no volume at the sides

The best styling choice for a client with a round facial type