CS-1064 Q3

Escape Sequences

An escape sequence is a combination of characters preceded by a backslash (`\`) used to represent special characters within strings.

\n

It represents a newline character, which moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line.

\t

By using the escape sequence \t, which inserts a tab.

\'

By using the escape sequence __ to represent a single quote within a string.

\\

By using the escape sequence __ to represent a backslash character within a string.

Comprehensions

____ are concise ways to create sequences such as lists, dictionaries, and sets.

List Comprehension

By using square brackets (`[]`) enclosing an expression followed by a for clause, like [x**2 for x in range(10)].

Dictionary Comprehension

A ___ comprehension returns a dictionary created from an expression and a for loop within curly braces (`{}`).

Set Comprehension

By using curly braces (`{}`) enclosing an expression followed by a for clause, like {x**2 for x in range(10)}.

Dictionaries

A _______is an unordered collection of items, where each item is a key-value pair.

Accessing Values

By specifying the key within square brackets (`[]`), like my_dict['key1'].

Adding Key-Value Pair

By assigning a value to a new key, like my_dict['key3'] = 'value3'.

Removing Key-Value Pair

By using the del keyword followed by the dictionary name and the key to be deleted, like del my_dict['key2']. Alternatively using the .pop() method

Sets

A ___ is an unordered collection of unique elements.

Adding Element

By using the add() method, like my_set.add(4).

Removing Element

By using the remove() method, like my_set.remove(3).

Union of Sets

The | operator, like set1 | set2.

Objects/Classes

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in Python.

Defining a Class

By using the class keyword followed by the class name and a colon, like class MyClass:.

__init__ Method

It is a special method called the constructor, used to initialize objects of the class.

Creating an Object

By calling the class name followed by parentheses and any required arguments, like obj1 = MyClass(5).

Inheritance

___ is the mechanism of basing a new class on an existing class, inheriting its attributes and methods.

Encapsulation

By using private variables, indicated by prefixing variable names with double underscores __.