Data 2

Codifying knowledge

converting tacit and explicit knowledge into a form that organizational members can use.

Cognitive map

a graphical representation of a mental model of an expert’s knowledge

Community of practice

A group of people who share a common interest, usually in a craft or profession, and who interact to share knowledge

Conceptual knowledge

Explicit knowledge that is embodied in language, symbols, and images.

Data warehouse

A copy of transactional data (and other data) that is formatted so that it is useful for decision support.

Decision table

A list of conditions and their values along with a list of conclusions or actions.

Decision tree

A diagram that shows alternate paths that impact decisions

Digital dashboards

Computer-based systems that provide graphical views of key data along with graphical warnings when data indicate areas that need attention

Experiential knowledge

Tacit knowledge that can be shared through common experiences and interpersonal communication

Expert systems

Systems that help users solve problems or answer questions in a way that mimics an expert’s thought processes

Explicit knowledge

Knowledge that can be expressed relatively easily

Routine knowledge

Tacit knowledge that is embedded in the organization’s practices

Systematic knowledge

Explicit knowledge that has been systemized and packaged

Tacit knowledge

Internalized and highly individualized knowledge that is difficult to express or communicate.

Authentication

A process by which the identity of a transacting party is verified.

Bitcoins

A cryptocurrency or currency that utilizes encryption based on the blockchain technology.

Blockchain

A network where transactions can be tracked but do not require trust between the transacting parties, thus allowing anonymity

Cipher

An algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt plaintext

DNA recognition

A type of security that analyzes segments from an individual’s DNA

Encryption

The application of a mathematical algorithm to a message or information that scrambles that message or information to make it unreadable

Facial recognition

A type of security that analyzes facial features or patterns (faceprints).

Hactivism

A type of hacking in which hackers try to find information that, if revealed, will advance human causes

Key pair

A linked public key and private key

Password crackers

Software used to recover forgotten passwords or to reveal passwords to break into other people’s accounts

Plaintext

An original message before it is encrypted

Risk management

The process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the security risks an organization may face and deciding whether to accept, mitigate, or share them

Spamming

Sending emails to many individuals at once, sending unsolicited commercial email to individuals, or targeting one individual computer or network and sending thousands of messages to it

Spoofing

Pretending to be someone else (or another computer) to enter a system or gain attention.

Stealth virus

A more advanced virus that changes its own bit pattern to become undetectable by virus scanners

Theft and fraud threats

Threats related to the loss of systems or data due to theft or fraudulent activities.

Trojan horses

Viruses embedded into legitimate files

Virus

A computer program designed to cause unwanted events like stealing data, erasing data, making a computer unusable, or adding unwanted code into a program or computer.

Worms

Viruses that propagate themselves throughout networks with no user intervention required.

SELECT

followed by the column or columns we want to display using commas to separate multiple columns

FROM

To specify which table we want to pull the columns from

WHERE

This is used for filtering

ORDER BY

This is used for sorting; default sorting is ascending

DESC

This key word is used to sort from descending order

AS

is a keyword used to assign a temporary name (alias) to a column or table, making query results easier to read and understand without changing the original name in the database

DISTINCT

Comes after select, we use this when we want to show unique values.

=

Equality

<>

Nonequality

<

Less than

<=

Less than or equal to

>

Greater than

>=

Greater than or equal to

BETWEEN

Between two specified values

Is null

Is a Null value

%

Matching any 0 or more characters

_

Single character

[]

A set of characters

^

A negation