A&P Unit 2

Osteoblast

Bone cell that makes bone tissue

Osteocyte

Mature bone cell that maintains bone tissue

Osteoclast

Bone cell that brakes down bone tissue

Osteogenic

Bone cell that can make other bones

Compact Bone

Bone tissue that is the dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and support

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue that is light, found inside bones, containing spaces that help absorb shock

Haversian Canals

Nevers and blood & lymphatic vessels

Canaliculi

Connect osteocytes to each other and to Haversian, facilitating the exchange of nutrients and waste

Trabeculea

Small rod-like or plate-like structures that help distribute stress and forces

Lamella

Ring of the osteon

Red Marrow

Bone tissue responsible for making red blood cells

Epiphyseal Plate

Location in a long bone where growth occurs during adolecence

Endosteum

A thin, inner layer of tissue that helps in bone growth and repair

Yellow Marrow

Bone tissue responsible for storing undifferentiated cells and storing fat

Periosteum

The dense layer of tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, providing nutrients and serving as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments

Articular Cartilage

A smooth tissue that covers the surface of bone at joints, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction.

Diaphysis

The long, tubular central shaft of a long bone

Medullary Cavity

The central, hollow space inside the diaphysis of long bones

Long Bone

Supports weight and enables movement

Short Bone

Provides stability to joints that bear weight

Flat Bones

Protects internal organs, provides a greater place for muscles to attach

Sesamois Bones

Sharp bones that protects tendons that run over joints from stress and wear

Irregular Bones

Have complicated shapes, don’t fit into any other category

Hole

An opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through a bone

Aticulation

Where two bone surfaces come together to form a joint

Projection

An area of bone that projects, sticks out above the surface of the bone

Frontal Bone

The single bone that forms the forehead

Supraobital Foramen

The opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead

Coronal Structure

Connective joint tissue that runs side to side across the top of the skull, separates the frontal bone from the two parental bones

Pariental Bones

A pair of bones that form the top and side of the cranium

Temporal Bones

A pair of bones that from the bottom and side walls of the cranium

Mastoid Process

The bump behind the ear

Sphenoid Bone

Found deep in the cranium behind the orbits, joints with almost every other skull bone

Ethimoid Bone

Makes up much of the naisal cavity

Occipital Bone

Back and bottom walls of the cranium

Zygomatic Bone

A pair of bones that form the cheekbones

Foramen

The hole for the spinal cord

Occipital Condyles

A joint that connects with the 1st vertabre

Mandible Bones

The lower jaw bone, only movable skull bones, largest and strongest facial bone

Maxilla Bones

A pair of bones that form the upper jaw

Styloid Process

A attachment site for several small muscles and for a ligament the neck

Parathormone (PTH)

Travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the release of calcium from bones

Calcium

One of the most important and common minerals in your body, stored in your blood and bones

Calcitonin

Helps lower your calcium levels when they get to high by restraining bone absorption and increasing calcium deposition in bones

Vitamin D

A micronutrient gained from the sun that your body needs to maintain strong bones

Suture

A joint that connects the bones of the skull

Head

The upper most part of the body that sit above and is supported by the neck

Facet

A smooth, flat or slightly curved surface on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

Condyle

A smooth, rounded, knuckle like projection at the end of a bone that forms a joint by articulating with another bone

Process

A projection, bumb or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or bone

Spine

The central supporting skeletal structure of the body

Crest

A prominent, raised of elongated ridge of bone that serves as an attachment site muscles, tendons and ligaments

Sagittal Suture

A connective tissue joint that runs along the top midline of the skull, separating the left and right pariental bones

Atlas

C1, supported the head and allows you to nod yes

Asis

C2, allows you to nod no

Lumbar Vertabrae

3 vertabrae found in the lower back, largest vertabrae

Thoracic Verebrae

12 vertebrae found attached to the ribs

Sacrum

Attachted to the hip bones

Coccyx

The tailbone

Cervical Vertebrae

7 vertabrae found in the neck

Sternum

Protects the heart, also known as the breast bone

True Ribs

Pairs 1-7

Flase Ribs

Pairs 8-12, last 2 are called floating ribs and don’t attach to he sternum at all

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Clavicle

The collarbone

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Head of Humerus

Articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint

Ulna

Lower arm, pinkie side

Radius

Lower arm, thumb side

Olcranon Procces

Forms the bony tip of the elbow

Head of the Ulna

The bone you can see on the pinky side of your wrist

Radial Tuberosity

Bump on the thumb side just below your elbow

Carpals

A set of 8 short bones that make up your wirst

Metacarpals

A set of 5 bones that make up your hand

Phalanges

Finger and toe bones

Femur

Thigh Bone, longest and strongest bone in the body

Patella

Kneecap

Tibia

Shin bone, medial side

Fibula

Helps with balance and stability, lateral side

Tarsals

A set of 7 short bones that make up the ankle

Matatarsals

A set of 5 bones that make up the foot

Iliac Crest

The curved upper ridge of your hip bone

Ilium

The widest, largest and highest part of your hip bone

Ischium

Lower and back part of your hip bone

Pubis

The lower and front part of your hip bone

Symphysis Pubis

The joint that connects your left and right hip bone in the front

Aceabulum

The deep and cup-shaped socket on the side of your hip bone

Tibial Tuberosity

The bump on the front of you shin bone, located just below your knee cap

Obtura Foramen

Large and round opening or hole at the bottom of your hip bone

Head of Femur

Smooth, ball shaped top of your thigh bone

Medial Malleolus

The bumb on the inside of your ankle

Lateral Malleolus

The bumb on the outside of your ankle

Tendons

Dense connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

Cartilage

Primary connective tissue found in joints

Ligaments

Dense connective tissue that connects bones to there bones

Synovial Fluis

A fluid that reduces friction between the cartilage surfaces in the joint

Skeletal Muscles

Voluntary muscles that attach to your bones that allow you to move your body

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscles that make up the walls of your heart

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscles found inside your organs and blood vessels