"George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia" by Frederick F. Church

How available were high-quality souvenir image for most of the modern period?

They were large, ex[pensive, and marketed to elite consumers

How did the status of high-quality souvenir images change in the modern period?

They were transformed from an expensive elite item to easy-to-access commodities that allowed for ordinary people all over the world to document their travels

What spurred the increase in availability of souvenir images?

The invention of photography

When was photography invented?

The late 1830s

What further changed the status of souvenir images after the invention of photography?

The invention and marketing of small portable cameras

What did small, portable cameras use?

Pre-rolled film

When were small portable cameras marketed?

1888

What company first marketed small, portable companies?

Kodak company

Who founded the Kodak Company in the US?

George Eastman

Which of George Eastman's inventions was among his most impactful for everyday travel experiences?

The hand camera

The hand camera affected travelers of what class?

Different social classes

What was George Eastman’s hand camera called?

“No. 1” and its successors

What Museum is “George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia” at?

The Eastman Museum

Who named “George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia?”

The Eastman Museum

What does “George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia” show?

Eastman on his way to EU holding a Kodak camera he helped develop

What does Eastman hold in “George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia?”

A Kodak camera

What long term effects did the Kodak Company have?

Shape the media landscape by turning photographic images into easy-to-access commodities which allowed ordinary people around the world to document their travels

When was the Advertisement showing pre-made dry plates made?

1883

What does the 1883 dry plate advertisement stress?

The convenience of dry plate glass negatives

How did Kodak contradict the claim in the dry plate advertisement?

Marketing even more convenient rolled film on flexible plastic strips

Kodak’s pre-rolled film was on top of what?

Flexible plastic strips

When did the first widely use photographic process emerge?

1839

What was the first widely used photographic process?

Daguerrotypes

Daguerreotypes was developed by inventors in what nations?

France and England

What were daguerreotypes?

Small single images on metal

How can the process for making daguerreotypes be described in terms of its difficulty?

Not particularly difficult to learn

What must be purchased to create a daguerreotype?

Specialty chemicals

What is the optimal situation for using the specialty chemicals for daguerreotypes?

Processing them in an enclosed lab-like environment

Was making daguerreotypes easy to do on the move? Why or why not?

No; They use large, heavy wooden cameras with difficult to transport materials

What is an example of a material used in the cameras of daguerreotypes which made them difficult to transport?

Mercury

Did anyone use daguerreotypes for travel photos as a result of lack of portability?

Yes, some photographers did while casual travelers didn’t for lack of convenience

What was the most frequent genre of daguerreotype photographs?

Portraits

Dagguereotype portraits were made where?

A studio

What two early photographic methods developed after daguerreotypes?

Salted paper prints and wet plate collodion process

What did the salted paper print process involve?

Using paper negatives soaked in salt water and silver halides

What does the wet plate collodion process involve?

Smearing a mixture tarlike substance onto a glass plate to produce a negative

How did salted paper prints and wet plate collodion process photographs differ from daguerreotypes in relation to travel imagery?

They were more convenient for travel images

How were salted paper prints, wet plate collodion prints and daguerreotypes similar in terms of their prerequisite knowledge?

They all required elementary chemistry knowledge and were time-consuming to setup

How long did Wet plate collodion photographs take to make?

20 minutes from start to finish

Wet plate collodion negatives had to be developed when?

Right after exposure

What material was a tarlike substance smeared on in wet plate collodion prints?

A glass plate

Why were wet plate collodion prints fragile to create?

The plate glass negatives were fragile and had to be well protected

What photographers are noted for overcoming the difficulties of wet plate collodion process and producing impressive work portfolios?

Maxime du Camp, Timothy H. O’Sullivan and Carleton Watkins

WHat nationality was Maxine du Camp?

French

Who was Maxime du Camp accompanied by on his travels>?

Gustave Flaubert

What was GUstave Flabert and Maxime du Camp’s relationship?

The were friends

What was Gustave Flaubert’s profession?

He was a writer

Where did Maxume du Camp and Gustave Flaubert travel?

Egypt and the Middle East

When did Maxime du Camp and Gustave Flaubert travel the middle east and egypt?

1849

What did Maxxime du Camp produce as a result of his egypt/middle east travels?

A photographic record of the remains of ancient Egyptian civilization

Who is credited with the creation of the first photographic record of the remains of ancient egypt civilization?

Maxime Du Camp

What mediums did Maxime du Camp use in his photographic record of ancient egypt civilization?

Salted Paper print and wet plate collodion prints

What book did Maxime du Camp write as as a result of his egypt and middle eastern travels? Translation?

“Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie” (Egypt, Nubia, Palestine and Syria)

What process were Timothy H. O’Sullivan and Charleton Watkins noted for?

Wet plate collodion process

Who was Timothy H. O’Sullivan?

A US survey photographer

Who was Charleton Watkins hired by?

Transport companies

What was Charleton Watkins hired for?

To document the landscape of the Pacific Northwest

Which artist which produced impressive works in both the salted paper print and wet plate collodion processes was not a professional?

Maxime du Camp

What was Maxime du Camp’s professional career?

A journalist

How were the three artists who were noted for producing impressive portfolios regardless of their professionality similar?

They all had either substantial monetary support or government sponsorship for documentary projects

What did hobbyists do regarding photograph documentation on vacations?

They brought materials and equipment for such documentation

Until what decade was the hobby of documenting personal vacations limited to those with extensive financial means?

1890s

Wh photographed two women in Washington DC in 1889?

Uriah Hunt {painter

When did Uriah Hunt Painter photograph two women in Washington DC?

1889

In what shape did early Kodak models frame photographs?

circles

What aspect of early Kodak cameras caused the round shape?

The framing mats

What two 1880’s inventions further allowed for amateur travel photography to become a reality?

The development of gelatin based film and the smaller, more lightweight camera

What came first, pre-made gelatin based film or smaller portable cameras?

Pre-made gelatin based film

How did gelatin based film compare to collodion plates?

They didn't have to be prepared and processed by the photographer while on location

Gelatin-based film was prepared ________ of time and ______-packaged

Ahead; pre

Early gelatin negatives were made on what?

Glass

What did gelatin film negatives shift to after glass?

paper

After paper, what material did gelatin film negatives shift to?

Thin, flexible, transparent pieces of plastic

Describe the cameras of the 19th century

Large-format, box cameras made of wood and weighing several pounds

Whatt does George eastman do with the object he holds in “George Eastman on board the S.S. Gallia?”

He uses it to test his invention on a European Trip

Where was George Eastman born?

Upstate NY

When was George eastman born?

1854

When did George eastman leave school>?

14

Why did George Eastman leave school?

To support his widowed mother

What did George Eastman work as after leaving school>?

A messenger

What did George Eastman work as after being a messenger?

A bank clerk

When did George Eastman first learn about photography?

His early 20s

What did George Eastman do after learning about photography?

He developed his own process for manufacturing gelatin plates on glass

What did George Eastman use to develop his gelatin plate manufacturing process?

Knowledge he read about in a European photographic journal

When did George Eastman found the Eastman company?

1881

What was Eastman Company laterknown as ?

Eastman Kodak Company , or just Kodak company

George Eastman became one of the most prominent what of the 19th century?

Photographic innovators

Where was Kodak Company based?

Rochester NY

Kodak company was the foremost American developer of what?

The camera and film technologies

What was the first successful color film?

Kodachrome

When was the first successful color film marketed?

1935

In relation to Eastman's death when was the Kodachrome successful?

After his death

What company was the first to market the first ever successful color film?

Kodak company

What company is notable for marketing the first successful color digital cameras?

Kodak Company

When were the first ever digital cameras marketed?

1975

When was the Kodak No. 1 developed?

1888

What was the cost of the Kodak No. 1?

$25

What occured with each new mode of the Kodak hand cameras?

The price would decrease significantly

The initial price of the Kodak No. 1 was quite _________ for the time

Expensive

What was the name of the Kodak Company hand camera released in 1900?

The Brownie camera