Phototrophic Bacteria and Archaea Review

Flashcards based on the lecture notes detailing phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota.

What main process do phototrophic bacteria perform, and into what two groups are they divided?

Phototrophic bacteria perform photosynthesis and are divided into Anoxygenic and Oxygenic groups.

What defines Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria?

They do not use water as an electron donor and do not produce oxygen.

What defines Oxygenic phototrophic bacteria?

They use water as the electron donor and produce oxygen.

What electron donor does Purple sulfur bacteria use, and what genus is included in this group?

Purple sulfur bacteria uses sulfur as its electron donor and includes Chromatium.

What electron donors do Purple non-sulfur bacteria use, and which genera are included in this group?

They use hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and include Rhodosprillium and Rhodocyclus.

What electron donor does Green sulfur bacteria use, and what genus is included in this group?

Green sulfur bacteria uses sulfur as its electron donor and includes Chlorobrum.

What electron donors do Green non-sulfur bacteria use, and what genus is included in this group?

They use hydrogen or organic sulfites as electron donors and include Chloroflexi.

Which phylum of blue-green colored bacteria oxidizes water into oxygen?

Cyanobacteria phylum.

Which species of the Cyanobacteria genus Microcytosis produces harmful blooms that contaminate water?

M. aeruginosa.

Which phylum of Archaea includes Methanogens and Halobacteria?

Euryarchaeota.

Which three classes of Archaea contain Methanogens, and what oxygen condition do they share?

Methanococci, Methanobacteria, and Methanomicrobia; all archaea within these classes are anaerobic.

What is methanogenesis?

A process of converting hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane.

What environmental salt concentration requirement characterizes Halobacteria?

They require environments with high salt concentrations of about 36\text{\null}\% salt concentration (close to saturation).

Which thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing genera are included in the class Crenarchaeota?

Thermoproteus and Sulfobonus.

What are the temperature, metabolic, and environmental characteristics of the genus Sulfobonus?

They are thermophilic ($70\text{--}80\text{ }^\text{o}\text{C}$), acidophilic archaea that can be aerobic (heterotrophic metabolism) or anaerobic (oxidizing sulfur into sulfuric acid).

What application is noted for the genus Sulfobonus?

They are used to make afferent proteins that bind and neutralize antigens.

What are the key traits of the genus Thermoproteus?

It is a deeply branching genus of strictly thermophilic ($85\text{ }^\text{o}\text{C}$), anaerobic, motile, autotrophic organisms that have a phospholipid monolayer.