Past Quizzes Exam 3

Damage to the __________ can result in loss of involuntary movement; known as Ondine’s curse

medulla

Functions of the hypothalamus are…

huger/thirst, sleep/wake, temp regulation

one of the ways the effect of a neurotransmitter is terminated is ___________

enzymes, diffusion, reuptake

a ______________ is a type of receptor that responds to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch

mechanoreceptor

one example of an encapsulated receptor is _____________ and it is found _______

tactile corpuscles, in the skin

a _________ circuit amplifies the original signal and is how motor neurons send signals to muscles

diverging

when the pyramidal tracts arrive at the medulla oblongata they ______ before continuing down the spinal cord

cross

The _____ ________ makes cerebral spinal fluid while the __________ granulations remove CSF into the dural sinuses

choroid plexus, arachnoid

smooth muscle receives most of its calcium from the ____________ _______

extracellular fluid

one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies is known as the _______ _____

motor unit

cell bodies of sensory neurons reside in the _________________

dorsal root ganglia

the dura mater is composed two layers: __________ and __________ layers that separate to form dural venous sinuses

periostea, meningeal

Slow oxidative fibers are red in color due to the presence of large amounts of ____________

myoglobin

____________ makes the membrane potential more negative, resulting in neurons being less likely to fire an AP

hyperpolarization

the ______ ______ monitors the intensity of motions, starts/stops motions, and Parkinson’s affects this area

basal nuclei

the ________ serves as the relay station for input from the cerebellum and select sensory receptors which it edits before sending to the appropriate cortex

thalamus

Name a type of neuroglia: ________ and describe its function ____________

schwann cell, forms myelin sheath around axon sin PNS

a muscle resisting a lengthening pull is known as an __________ __________ contraction

isotonic eccentric

the ventral and dorsal root form a ______ nerve

spinal

__________ fibers allow for communication within a cerebral hemisphere

association

a second nerve impulse can’t be generated until the _________________ has been reestablished

membrane potential

in hyperpolarization __________ ions move in

chloride

in the depolarization phase of an action potential in neurons, ______ activation gates are ______

NA+, open

a neuron receiving an input from many neurons while producing a single output, such as balance, is likely part of a _______ circuit

converging

myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the _____________

oligodendrocytes

__________ cells line the ventricles of the brain

ependymal

graded potentials are _____ distance incoming signals in the neurons

short

old organelles and information about the overall health of the axon travel retrograde ________ the cell body

toward

___________ are considered receptive regions of a neuron and convey impulses towards the cell body

dendrites

if cerebral spinal fluid cannot pass through the interventricular foramina, it will accumulate primarily in the _________ ventricles

lateral

damage to the autonomic nervous systemic would lead to loss of ______________

involuntary movement control of the heart

________ muscle contains an elaborate sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-Tubules, and sarcomeres

skeletal

an anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is __________

glycolysis

smooth muscle lacks troponin, has no sarcomeres, have immediate filaments that attach to dense bodies and have more _____ filament

thin

in smooth muscle ______ is anchored to dense bodies

actin

nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about the body are carried by neurons from the ______ division

sensory

these would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increase

motor units with larger, less excitable neurons

in an isotonic contraction, the muscle ________ change in length and _______ tension

does not, increases

____________ leads to muscle fatigue

decreased glycogen stores

__________ fibers in the brain mostly connect the right and left hemisphere

commissural

a disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the ______ _______

basal nuclei

a _________ in membrane potential will result in hyperpolarization

decrease

The staging area for skilled motor activities is located in the ________ _________

premotor cortex

the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the _____________ period

absolute refractory period

immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gate opens?

potassium

at rest, the neurons membrane is most permeable to which substance?

potassium

motor neurons convey messages _____ from the CNS

away