Forensics Chapter 4
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Last updated 11:46 PM on 2/24/25
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19 Terms
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Reconstruction
The method used to support a likely sequence of events by the observation and evaluation of physical evidence and statements.
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Crime-scene investigator
A professional who brings special skills to the reconstruction of events during a crime.
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Bloodstain patterns
Deposits of blood that can provide insights into events during a violent crime.
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Impact angle
The angle at which blood droplets strike a surface, determined by measuring circular distortion.
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Forward spatter
Blood projected outward and away from the source.
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Back spatter
Blood projected backward from the source, also known as blow-back spatter.
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Low Velocity Spatter
Blood droplets with diameters of 4 mm or more, produced by an applied force up to 5 ft/sec.
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Medium Velocity Spatter
Blood droplets with diameters from 1-4 mm, produced by an applied force of 5 to 25 ft/sec.
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High Velocity Spatter
Blood droplets with diameters of less than 1 mm, produced by an applied force of 100 ft/sec or faster.
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Area of Convergence
The point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops in an impact pattern originated.
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Area of Origin
The area in three-dimensional space from which the blood was projected.
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Gunshot spatter
Fine forward spatter from an exit wound and back spatter from an entrance wound.
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Cast-off pattern
A pattern created when a blood-covered object flings blood in an arc onto a nearby surface.
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Arterial spray spatter
Caused by an injury to the heart or a main artery, leading to a blood pattern from a spurting source.
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Expirated blood patterns
Patterns created by blood expelled from the mouth or nose due to internal injuries.
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Void patterns
Created when an object blocks the deposition of blood spatter onto a target surface.
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Contact/Transfer patterns
Patterns created when a blood-covered object touches a surface without blood.
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Drop trail pattern
A series of drops forming a line caused by blood dripping off an object or injury.
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Grid method
A technique used to document bloodstain patterns by setting a grid of known dimensions over the pattern.
