State of Matter and Change of State

What are the three primary classical states of matter?

Solids, liquids, and gases.

How do particles behave in solids?

Particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate around fixed positions.

What properties do solids maintain?

Solids maintain a fixed volume and a definite shape, resisting compression.

How do particles behave in liquids?

Particles are in close contact but can move past one another freely.

What properties do liquids have regarding volume and shape?

Liquids maintain a fixed volume while adapting to the shape of their container.

What defines the particle behavior in gases?

Particles are separated by large distances and move rapidly in random directions.

What happens to gases in terms of volume and shape?

Gases lack both a definite shape and a fixed volume, expanding to fill their container.

What drives changes of state between phases of matter?

Changes of state are driven by the addition or removal of thermal energy.

What is melting?

The transition from solid to liquid when heat is absorbed and particles gain kinetic energy.

What is freezing?

The transition from liquid to solid when heat is released and particles lose kinetic energy.

What is evaporation?

The transition from liquid to gas, which includes boiling and surface vaporization.

What is condensation?

The transition from gas to liquid as thermal energy decreases and gas particles lose kinetic energy.

What is sublimation?

The direct transition from solid to gas without entering a liquid phase.

What is deposition?

The direct transition from gas to solid without passing through a liquid phase.

What happens to temperature during a phase change?

Temperature remains constant as energy is used to alter intermolecular forces.