Science

Pistil / Carpel

The female part of the flower.

Stamen

The male part of the flower.

Stem

Provides support for the flower.

Ovary

Makes female sex cells and later forms a fruit around seeds.

Stigma

Captures pollen for fertilisation.

Style

A pathway for pollen tubes, connecting the stigma to the ovary.

Anther

Produces and contains pollen (male gametes).

Filament

Holds the anther in place and transports nutrients to it.

Self-pollination

Pollen transferred between the same flower or two flowers of the same plant.

Cross-pollination

Pollen transferred between flowers of different plants.

Pollinators

Animals that transfer pollen while searching for nectar.

Plant Fertilisation

Pollen travels down the style and merges with an egg to form a seed.

Seed Dispersal

Spread of seeds via animals, wind, water, or ballistic methods.

Energy

The capacity or ability to do work.

SI Unit of Energy

The Joule (J).

Sound Energy

Energy carried by waves of structural vibrations through a material medium.

Light Energy

Electromagnetic radiation propagating within the spectrum visible to the human eye.

Electrical Energy

Kinetic or potential energy resulting from the displacement and flow of electric charges.

Nuclear Energy

Binding energy contained within the nucleus of an atom, released via fission or fusion.

Heat / Thermal Energy

The cumulative internal kinetic energy of randomly moving atoms and molecules within a system.

Kinetic Energy (KE)

The mechanical energy an object possesses by virtue of its active motion.

Potential Energy (PE)

Stored configuration energy relative to positions, internal stresses, or chemical states.

Gravitational PE

Position energy stored relative to an object's distance from a source of gravitational attraction.

Elastic PE

Mechanical energy stored as a consequence of applying a deforming force to an elastic object.

Chemical PE

Potential energy stored within the chemical bonds holding atoms and molecular structures together.

Biomass Energy

Biological chemical potential energy stored specifically within organic matter.

Total Mechanical Energy

KE + PE

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

Conduction

Heat energy moves from a hotter region to a colder region as particles vibrate and bump into eachother

Convection

When a fluid at the bottom is heated, it becomes less dense and floats to the top allowing for new cold fluid to flow down closer to the heat source

Radiation

Emission of thermal energy by EM waves