Topic 6 - Data representation (Number & Text)

What is the smallest unit of data in a computer system?

A binary digit or bit

What binary digits do computers use to operate and store data?

1s and 0s

What minute switches inside CPU circuits are activated by electronic signals?

Transistors

What do 1s and 0s represent on CPU transistors?

The on and off states of transistors

What range of integers can 1 byte hold?

0 to 255

What format is used to represent large numbers or fractions?

Floating point

What does the term mantissa refer to?

The fractional part of a number

What is the base value of the binary number system?

2

What characters are represented in the binary number system?

1, 0

What is the base value of the decimal number system?

10

What is the base value of the hexadecimal number system?

16

What alphabetic characters are represented in the hexadecimal system?

A, B, C, D, E, F

What state in a computer transistor is represented by 1?

On

What state in a computer transistor is represented by 0?

Off

How many bits are in a byte?

8 bits

What is the binary addition rule for 0 + 0?

0

What is the binary addition rule for 0 + 1?

1

What is the binary addition rule for 1 + 1?

0, carry 1

What is the binary addition rule for 1 + 1 + 1?

1, carry 1

What is an overflow during binary addition?

Getting a result that requires more bits than the CPU was expecting

What is used to show that an overflow has occurred in binary addition?

Overflow flags

What operation is performed by shifting binary digits one space to the left?

Multiply a number by 2

What operation is performed by shifting binary digits 3 spaces to the left?

Multiply a number by 8

What is shifting binary digits to multiply or divide called?

Binary shift

What operation is performed by shifting binary digits one space to the right?

Divide a number by 2

What is Two's Complement used to represent?

Negative integers

What is step 1 in two's complement negative notation of an integer?

The number is written in binary

What is step 2 in two's complement negative notation of an integer?

The bits are inverted

What is step 3 in two's complement negative notation of an integer?

1 is added to the result

What does ASCII stand for?

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

How many English language characters does standard ASCII represent?

128

How many bits are used to represent each character in standard ASCII?

Seven bits

How many bits does extended ASCII use?

Eight bits

How many characters does extended ASCII represent?

256

How many control codes are included in standard ASCII?

32 control codes

What are the control codes in standard ASCII mainly used for?

Mainly to do with printing

How many punctuation codes, symbols, and spaces are in standard ASCII?

32

How many upper case letters are in standard ASCII?

26

How many lower case letters are in standard ASCII?

26

What numeric digits are represented in standard ASCII?

0-9

Why is extended ASCII inadequate for alphabets like Mandarin and Arabic?

256 is not enough to hold every alphabet across the world

How many bits does Unicode use?

16 or more bits

What character range can Unicode represent?

A range of over 65,000 characters

How many scripts are included in Unicode as of 2024?

161 scripts

What does ISCII stand for?

Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange

What emoticon is represented by Unicode code point U+1F609?

Winking face emoticon

On what date is Unicode Day celebrated?

October 17th

In what year was Unicode 1.0 released?

1991