Atomic structure and Periodic Table

What is atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom

What is mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

What are the relative charges of a proton, a neutron and an electron?

Proton +1; neutron 0; electron −1

What are the relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron?

Proton 1; neutron 1; electron about 1/1836 (negligible)

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different numbers of neutrons

How do you calculate relative atomic mass from isotope data?

Relative atomic mass = Σ(isotope mass × % abundance) ÷ 100

In a simple mass spectrum (single charge ions), what do peak position and peak height show?

Position (m/z) gives the isotope's mass; height gives its relative abundance

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

In order of increasing atomic number

What is periodicity?

The way properties repeat in a pattern across each period

What is a group in the periodic table?

A column of elements with similar properties

What is a period in the periodic table?

A horizontal row of elements

How do you tell if an element is s, p, or d block?

Look at which sub shell its highest energy electron is in

What does an element's period number tell you?

The number of occupied electron shells (main energy levels) in its atoms

What does the group number of a main group element tell you?

The number of electrons in its outer shell (e.g. group 1 has one, group 2 has two)