Unit 1

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to cancer incidence and mortality based on the provided lecture notes.

Cancer Incidence

The rate at which new cases of cancer occur in a population.

Cancer Mortality

The rate at which deaths occur due to cancer in a population.

Benign

Tumors that are not cancerous; they do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize.

Malignant

Tumors that are cancerous; they invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize to other parts of the body.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other parts of the body.

Aetiology

The study of the cause of disease, including genetic and environmental factors.

Carcinoma

A type of cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.

Sarcoma

A type of cancer that begins in the connective or supportive tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or blood vessels.

Leukaemia

A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.

Lymphoma

A group of blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system.

Screening

The process of testing for disease in individuals who do not yet have symptoms.

Survival Rate

The percentage of people who survive a specific type of cancer for a specific amount of time (usually 5 or 10 years).

Epidemiology

The study and analysis of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease conditions.

Incidence Rate

The number of new cancer cases diagnosed in a specific time period in a defined population.

Prevention

Strategies and actions taken to reduce the risk of developing cancer.

Risk Factors

Attributes, characteristics, or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing cancer.

Primary Prevention

Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.

Secondary Prevention

Efforts to detect and treat an existing disease early.

Tertiary Prevention

Reducing the impact of the disease by preventing complications.

Tumor

An abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign or malignant.