APUSH Quiz- Jefferson's Presidency, War of 1812, and Era of Good Feelings/ Market Revolution

Thomas Jefferson

limited central govt, reduced size of the military, eliminated a number of federal jobs, repealed the excise taxes, lowered the national debt.

Louisiana Purchase

land from Mississippi to Missouri rivers, purchased from France for 15 million

Napoleon Bonaparte

got land back from Spain in an attempt to recreate the empire in America but was unsuccessful in doing so, so he sold the land

Toussaint L'Ouverture

rebellion led by him on Santo Domingo resulted in heavy French losses and serves as one of the impetuses for French selling of the Louisiana Territory

Lewis and Clark expedition

scientific exploration of the Mississippi West and they set out from St. Louis in 1804, crossed the Rockies to the Oregon coast on the Pacific Ocean, then made the return journey back in 1806; increased geographic and scientific knowledge of previously unexplored country, strengthened US claims to the Oregon Territory, improved relations with Native American tribes, developed maps and land routes for fur trappers and future settlers

John Marshall

Chief Justice under Adams after his Midnight Appointments

Judicial review

ability of Supreme Court to exercise power to decide whether an act of Congress or of the President was or was not allowed by the Constitution

Marbury v. Madison

When Jefferson wanted to block Federalist appointments made at the last minute by Adams, he ordered Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver the commissions for those appointments and one of those appointments, William Marbury, sued for his commission; made the Judiciary Act unconstitutional and it gave the court greater power and jurisdiction than the Constitution allowed; Marbury didn't get paid

Aaron Burr

plotted against Jefferson; wanted to win governorship in NY and then get NE states to secede from union; then planned to take Mexico and unite it with Louisiana; tried for treason and acquitted

"Quids"

opposition in Jefferson's Dem-Repub party

Barbary pirates

First major challenge in Jefferson presidency to protect US Merchant ships from being seized by Barbary pirates; fought in Mediterranean

Neutrality

France and Britain both attempted naval blockades of enemy ports; seized ships of neutral nations and confiscated cargoes

Impressment

forcing soldiers to serve in British army

Chesapeake-Leopard affairs

British ship Leopard fired on the US Warship Chesapeake; anti-British feeling at highest point ever

Embargo Act (1807)

prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port; backfired and hurt US more than Britain; depression developed

Nonintercourse Act (1809)

provided that Americans could now trade with all nations but Britain and France

Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

restored trade with Britain and France but that if one country agreed to respect neutral rights than the US would prohibit trade with that nation's foe

Tecumseh; Prophet

Tecumseh is the warrior and Prophet is the religious leader; Shawnee brothers who attempted to unite all of the tribes east of the Miss. River; General William Henry Harrison took aggressive action

War Hawks

KY, TN, OH young congressmen in 1810 who wanted to go to war with Britain eagerly; had significant influence; war with Britain would defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy Native American resistance on the frontier

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to the prewar claimant, and recognized the prewar boundary between Canada and the US

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

in Alabama, ended the power of the British allies, the Creek nation; opened new lands to white settlers;

What were the major foreign policy issues of John Adam's presidency? Why do historians praise Adams for the way he handled the quasi-war with France?

Major foreign policy issues for John Adams's presidency all involved France.

1. Talleyrand XYZ affair

2. Quasi War: Everyone in the US was ready to go to war, but Adams' would not ask for a formal declaration of war; congress authorized capture of armed french ships and suspended trade with France and formally got rid of alliance of 1778

Historians praise Adams, because he put country ahead of party and used diplomacy to end the maritime conflict

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed? What was the reaction to them?

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed? What was the reaction to them?

Who was President during the War of 1812?

James Madison

Causes of the War of 1812:

1. Britain's seizure of American ships and impressment of sailors.

2. America's resentment of Britain.

3. American belief that British were arming Native Americans and inciting them to riot.

4. American "War Hawks" wanting to annex Florida and Canada.

Results of the War of 1812:

1. America became more isolationist.

2. Spurred westward migration: Jobs scarce, Native Americans weakened.

3. Encouraged American industry (New England textile mills).

4. Ended the Federalist party.

5. Inspired nationalism.

6. Made Andrew Jackson a hero (after winning Battle of New Orleans, 1815).

Continental System

In Napolean Wars, blockade designed by Napolean to paralyze Great Britain through the destruction of British commerce

Berlin Decrees (1806)

France and her allies were forbidden to accept British goods and British ships were excluded from all ports

Milan Decree (1807)

The Milan Decree was issued on December 17, 1807 by Napoleon I of France to enforce the Berlin Decree of 1806 which had initiated the Continental System.

Embargo Act of 1807

This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.

Macon's Bill No. 2

1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

General William Henry Harrison

Western general who fought against the Indians in the west; defeated Tecumseh and his brother at the Battle of Tippecanoe; later became 9th president

The Prophet, Tenskwatawa

1768-1834 Religious leader and brother of Tecumseh. Nickenamed "The Prophet." His defeat at the Battle of Tippecanoe ruined Tecumsheh's plans for a new Native American confederacy.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

Henry Clay

United States Senator from Kentucky, responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave state

Francis Scott Key

United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812. The poem later became the Star Spangled Banner.

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

First Seminole War (1817-1818)

conflict that occured between U.S. and Seminole; Seminole were crossing Georgia border to raid towns and harbored runaway slaves; Jackson seized all Spanish forts in East Florida; very controversial act by Jackson

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Supreme Court case concerning Georgia's annulment of all Cherokee laws; the Supreme Court ruled that Indian tribes did not have the right to appeal to the federal court systems because they were not citizens, therefore did not have the rights of them

election of 1816

James Monroe (democratic - republican)

Rufus King (federalist)

James Monroe wins

last election featuring a federalist party

era of good feelings

8 years of James Monroe's presidency

nationalism

one political party (democratic republicans)

economic boom

Indian resistance moved east of the Mississippi

Henry Clay's American System

25% tariff on imported goods

internal improvements such as roads and canals

recharter of the bank of the U.S.

Gibbons vs. Oregon (1823)

monopoly on waterborne commerce to private business

New York

ruled that only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce

Missouri Compromise (1819-1821)

- background:

gradual emancipation plan

northern states abolished slavery

equal number of states

originally 11-11

Missouri and maine apply to become states

Missouri wants to be a slave state

issue set bad president for Louisiana Territory

- Clay Compromise

-Long term effects:

sectionalism

Clay Compromise

Maine becomes free state

Missouri becomes slave state

no slavery above the 36/30 line

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Seminoles help slaves escape to Florida

Andrew Jackson sent by Monroe for protection

John Quincy Adams meets with Spaniards who give up Florida

Jackson ordered not to go into Florida but goes in and takes 3/4 of Florida and the British fort

eastern Texas given to Spaniards

Spain stopped claiming Oregon

Monroe Doctrine (December 1823)

-background:

British interest on south American land lost by spain

British want to make alliances with US to keep foreign powers out of Latin America

- main events:

speech by Monroe to congress

Western hemisphere cannot be colonized

threat to peace and safety of the united states

US won't interfere with European colonies or affairs

- effects:

showed that US is now a world power