Terms of movement

Flexion

bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together

usually occurs along the sagittal plane

Shoulder of flexion and hip move limb:

extension

the reverse action of flexion; increases the angle of the joint

hyperextension

increasing the angle of a joint beyond the normal range of motion

dorsiflexion

bending movement that occurs at the ankle joint that would allow you to stand on your heels

Toes up

plantarflexion

bending movement that occurs at the ankle joint that would allow you to stand on your toes

abduction

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

movement occurs along the frontal plane

Fingers/toes do what:

adduction

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

movement occurs along the frontal plane

circumduction

movement of a limb in a circular motion

medial (internal) rotation

rotating the anterior surface of a limb toward the midline of the body

movement is common at the hip and shoulder joints

lateral (external) rotation

rotating the anterior surface of a limb toward the midline of the body

movement is common at the hip and shoulder joints

Foot/thumb turned:

supination

rotating the forearm, so that the palms face anterior

pronation

rotating the forearm, so the palms face posterior

inversion

bending movement that occurs at the ankle joint when the sole of the foot is turned medially

eversion

bending movement that occurs at the ankle joint when the sole of the foot is turned laterally

protraction

anterior movement along the transverse plane

retraction

posterior movement along the transverse plane

elevation

moves a body part superiorly

depression

moves a body part inferiorly

opposition

movement that occurs when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand

Shoulder

flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction, elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, abduction, and adduction

elbow

flexion, extension

forearm

supination, pronation

wrist

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

fingers

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

thumb

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition

Hip

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction

knee

flexion, extension

ankle

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, circumduction, adduction

foot

inversion, eversion

toes

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, circumduction

neck

circumduction, flexion, extension, protraction, retraction