unit 5 psychology vocab

abnormal behavior

behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time
medical model

vulnerability-stress hypothesis (diathesis-stress model)

theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder

DSM-5

the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Standard Manual of Mental Disorders; the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States

Somatic symptom disorder

a psychological disorder in which a person experiences one or more bodily (somatic) symptoms and experiences excessive thoughts and feelings about these symptoms that interfere with everyday functioning

attention-deficit

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a common psychological disorder in which the individual exhibits one or more of the following

anxiety disorders

disabling (uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disorders that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least six months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for anxiety

panic disorder

an anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

specific phobia

an anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation

social anxiety disorder or social phobia

an anxiety disorder in which the individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

psychological disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

psychological disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or an unnatural disaster

depressive disorders

psychological disorders in which the individual suffers from depression - an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

major depressive disorder (MDD)

psychological disorder involving signicant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks

bipolar disorder

psychological disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania - an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state

dissociative disorders

psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts

dissociative amnesia

dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships; formerly called multiple personality disorder

Psychosis

psychological state in which a person’s perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

Schizophrenia

a severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering from this may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality

Hallucinations

sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

Delusions

false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture

thought disorder

the unusual, sometimes bizarre thought processes that are characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia

referential thinking

ascribing personal meaning to completely random events

movement disorders

unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions that are characteristics positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Catatonia

state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time

flat affect

the display of little or no emotion - a common negative symptom of schizophrenia

personality disorders

chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

borderline personality disorder (BPD)

a psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions and by marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.