electrical

electrical conductivity

how “quickly” electrons (electricity) travel through the material.

electrical resistivity

the opposite of conductivity, it is the impediment to electron flow (performance parameter)

capacitor

electrical component resigned to store electrical energy in an electric field, two electrodes and a dielectric between

important material properties for a capacitor’s dielectric material

dielectric constant, resistivity

a capacitor stores electrical energy

while a battery stores electrochemical energy

piezoelectric effect

apply mechanical strain and get a voltage

electrostriction

apply a voltage and get a mechanical strain

resistance

the opposition to the flow of electric current

dielectric constant

a material’s ability to store electrical energy

semiconductors

either behave as insulators or conductors, in neutral state are insulators however can become conductive when you overcome band gap

s

conduction occurs in conduction band or partially filled valence band, insulators have filled VB and large band gap, semiconductor has filled VB and small band gap, become conductive when you overcome band gap through energy

doping n-type

donor atoms have extra valence electrons that are closer to conduction band and can easily jump

doping p-type

fewer valence electrons, that can easily jump which leave holes that can carry current

changing temperature

higher conductors conductivity goes down, semiconductors and insulators go up

transistors

act as switches, made from semiconducting materials and control current flow