muscid flies

where do stable flies feed?

on large mammal legs (very painful bites)

when do stable fly adults take their first blood meal?

12-24 hours after emergence

How long do stable flies feed?

2-5 minutes

Do both sexes of stable flies feed?

Males and females require at least one blood meal a day
Females require 2-3 before mating and 3-4 to develop their eggs

what are stable flies a vector of?

Bovine leukosis, bovine anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia, bovine theileriosis

what does the abdomen of a stable fly look like?

checkerboard

where are breeding sites of stable flies?

any decaying plant matter (under pen railings, corners, crack and crevices, around feed bunk)

Where do adult stable flies rest when not feeding?

In surround vegetation and on structures that provide shade, protection, and humidity.

How many stable flies are too many?

15 flies per animal will cause losses

Cultural control for stable flies

Keep things dry, remove breeding sites, plant management.

Biological control for stable flies

Parasatoid wasps

Physical/mechanical control for stable flies

use fly sheets and boots for horses (barn areas are usually safe)

Sprays and baits for stable flies

baits can be used around bunks and feed storage (not effective as a stand alone), animal spray efficacy is limited since stable flies have a limited host contact time, spray areas with higher contact times (shades and bunks), feedthrough IGR have limitations

Where do face flies feed?

at eyes, face, and wounds

where do face flies breed?

fresh intact manure (only found on pasture)

do both sexes of face flies feed?

ony females

What do face flies transmit?

infectious bovine kertaconjunctivitis (pinkeye)

Cultural control for face flies

Remove breeding sites, pasture rotation, disturb manure pats through harrowing, seal building and sheds

Chemical control for face flies

Rotate or remove selective pressure, tag both ears, feedthrough IGRs can work but may impact dung beetles

Where are house flies found?

everywhere where humans exist

what do house flies transmit?

microbial pathogens, host for chicken tapeworm, vector for pathogenic bacteria

If there are flies on the face of animals at a feed yard, what fly is it?

house fly

If there are flies on an animals feed what fly is it?

NEVER a stable fly, probably a house fly

Where do house flies breed?

anywhere there are bacteria

cultural control of house flies

remove breeding habitats - under pen railing, corners, crack and crevices, around feed bunks (decaying plant matter, feed waste)

biological control of house flies

parasitoid wasps

baits and traps for house flies

baits and sticky traps works very well for house flies over other flies, but still need to rotate

residual sprays for house flies

target resting areas (building sides, shaded areas), rotate, observational checks for how well it works

on animal sprays for house flies

not very effective because house flies are on the face and not for very long
have a high level of resistance to pyrethroid based sprays

Feed through IGRs for house flies

not effective because very few house flies breed in manure

eggs in filth flies:

house and stable flies: deposit eggs on organic debris wet enough to support areobic microbes

eggs in dung flies:

horn and face flies: oviposit in fresh manure

Larval stage of horn flies:

3 instars

What sexes of horn flies blood feed?

males and females blood feed 20-30 times daily

Where do horn flies breed?

fresh manure (only found on pasture)

where do horn flies like to feed?

on the back/belly of cattle

which way does a stable fly head point when feeding?

up

which way do horn flies heads point when feeding?

down

saliva marks indicate fly worry for what fly?

horn fly

what fly leaves scarring?

horn fly

What fly stays with the same animal for feeding?

horn fly

cultural control for horn flies

burning and dung beetle

physical-mechanical control for horn flies

walk through fly traps and fly sheets/covers

chemical control for horn flies

repellant plant-based oils

ear tags are effective for what fly?

horn and face flies

feedthrough IGRs for horn flies

resistance will develop, may impact dung beetles, must be dosed accurately, alternates between methroprene and diflubenzuron