APA- Intro Psych II

APA

american psychological association

Title Page

• page # in top right corner

• title on title page & second page

• title centred/bolded on both pages

• 1st letters of keys words capital

• academic integrity statement (if specified)

• no: &, inconsistent size/font, running head

Font Size/Style & Double Spacing

• apa approved fonts (times new roman, calibri, arial, etc)

• all text same font/size

• always double space & no extra spacing

Page Breaks

only to separate

• title page + body

• reference page + body

• appendix + reference

Margins & Paragraphs

• margins 1 inch on all sides

• new paragraphs indented

• para: elaborate on key words/ideas from 1st sentence, not full page, correct verb tense

Headings & Subheadings

• H: main sections (ex. method, results, etc.), centred

• S: sub-sections in each main (ex. under H method, S participants), left-justified

• both bolded

Numbers in APA

• spell out 1 - 9

• numerals for 10/above

• spell out #’s starting sentence

Et al. Use

= 3/more authors

• parenthetical/narrative citations= 1st authors last name then et al.

format

• period after al.

• no common between last name + et al. / or “et” & “al.”

Colloquialisms & Contractions

• spell out contractions (dont → do not)

• no informal text

In-Text Citations

= paraphrase/direct quotes

• last name (year)

Paraphrasing

• need appropriate in text citations: no page numbers

1. narrative: authors last in sentence then pub year in parentheses, use and, ex. Lee (2022)

2. parenthetical: authors last & pub year in parentheses, at end of sentence, use &, ex. (Garcia, 2020)

4 Elements for a Direct Quote

(avoid using too often)

1. quotation marks

2. authors last names

3. year of publication

4. page number (one page = p. 34 / two pages = pp. 34, 35 → need period after p)

Primary vs. Secondary Source

P: authors of articles, research papers, books, textbooks → you directly read

S: authors of articles, research papers, books, textbooks → didnt directly read (must source as sec but avoid sec sources)

Plagiarism: Copy-and-Paste

= copies exactly from source & knowingly/unknowingly present as own → no author given (extreme)

• fix: quotes, last names, pub year, page #

Plagiarism: Incomplete Citations for Direct Quotes

= copy exact words w incomplete citation (blatant)

fix: make sure all included quotes, last names, pub year, page #

Plagiarism: Paraphrasing Without Citation

= rewriting someone else’s ideas in own words wo giving credit (blatant)

• fix: narrative or parenthetical citation

Plagiarism: Delayed citation

= paraphrase multiple sentences from source but cites only at end (moderate)

• fix: start w narrative citation then use linking phrases

Plagiarism: Missing In-text Citations After Opening Sentence

= like delayed, cites sources early in paragraph & thinks beginning citation covers all other sentences (moderate)

• start w narrative citation then use linking phrases

Plagiarism: Patchwriting

= make minor word substitutions of og source, 3/more identical wo quoting source (moderate-blatant)

fix: 1. read og material thoroughly 2. put away 3. explain aloud 4. write paraphrase

Plagiarism: Self-Plagiarism

= reuse own work wo participation/citation (blatant-severe)

fix: ask instructor, cite own work, write new content

2nd exam: Reference Page

• on new page after paper conclusion

• same font

• page number continues (top R corner)

• double space

• hanging indent for each reference

• alphabetize by last name (dont rearrange names)

title:

• center & bold “References” at top

• one double spaced line after title