Chapter 4 Nail Diseases

Hard protective plate located at the end of the finger or toe

natural nail

The replacement of the nail takes about

4-6 months

Nails grow faster in the

summer

Nails are part of the

integumentary system

Using an ____ nail conditioner can improve flexibility

oil based

The nails plate is the most ____ and ____ part of the nail unit

visible; functional

The part of the nail that extends over the tip of the nail or toe

free edge

The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate

nail bed

The nail is also referred to as

onyx

The thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail bed to the nail plate

bed epithelium

The area where the nail plate is formed

matrix

the ____ the water content, the more ridged the nail becomes

lower

The matrix contains

nerves, lymph, and blood vessels

Toenails grow more ____ than fingernails

slowly

The whiteish, half moon shape and the base of the nail

lunula

The dead colorless tissue that is attached to the nail plate

cuticle

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area

eponychium

____ can make the nail grow thicker

Nothing

Specialized _____ attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone

ligaments

A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects the bones or hold and organ in place

ligament

folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate

nail folds

nail folds form the ___

nail grooves

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate

hyponychium

The sidewall is also called the ____

lateral nail fold

The growth of the nail plate is affected by

nutrition, exercise, and general health

normal, healthy nails can grow in a variety of shapes depending on the ____ of the matrix

shape

The ____, ____, and ____ of the matrix determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate

length, width, curvature

A longer matrix produces a ____ nail plate

thicker

A highly curved matrix produces a ____ free edge

highly curved

Toenails take ____ to be fully replaced

9 months to a year

A normal, healthy nail is ___ and should be shiny and slightly pink in color

firm and flexible

A condition caused by injury or disease

nail disorder

A client whose nail or skin is____, ____, ____, or ____ should not receive services

infected, inflamed, broken, swollen

A condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate

bruised nail

thin, white nail plates that are much more flexible than usual

eggshell nails

A darkening of the fingernails or toenails

melanonychia

Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the nail plate

onychorrhexis

Eggshell nails are normally ____ and can curve over the free edge

weaker

Visible depressions running across the width of the nail plate

Beau’s Lines

Beau’s lines usually result from ____ or injury that has traumatized the body

major illness

A condition in which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears

hangnail

A whitish discoloration of the nail usually caused by injury to the nail matrix

leukonychia

parasites which may cause infections of the hands or feet

fungi

bitten nails

onychophagy

a bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail

paronychia

folded nail; highly curved caused by injury to the matrix

plicatured nail

a abnormal nail condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate

nail pterygium

Caused by physical trauma or injury to the nail bed which damages the capillaries and allows a small amount of blood to flow

splinter hemorrhages

contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated implements

nail fungi

a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as ____ that becomes darkened in it’s advanced stages

yellow green spot

A fungal infection of the nail plate

onychomycosis

Any nail disease that shows signs of infection of inflammation ____

should not be diagnosed or treated in a salon

the medical term for fungal infections of the feet (athletes foot)

tinea pedis

A person’s ____ can cause a variety of infections

occupation

any deformity or disease of the nail

onychosis

An inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the nail plate

onychia

ingrown nail

onychocryptosis

Separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions

onycholysis

The separation or falling off of the nail plate

onychomadesis

A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate

nail psoriasis

severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

pyrogenic granuloma

serious injury such as burns or an adverse reaction to chemical nail enhancement products

nail pterygium is caused by

nails turning into a variety of colors

discolored nail

visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus

infected finger

slit or furrow on the sides of the nail

nail grooves

folds of normal skin that line the sides of the nail plate

lateral nail fold

a hard keratin plate on top and slowly sliding across the nail bed as it grows; the most visible and functional part of the nail unit

nail plate

all the anatomical parts of the fingernail

natural nail unit

increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by increased curvature of the matrix

pincer nail

lateral nail fold is also known as

sidewall

edges of the nail plate curve to form the shape of a trumpet or a cone

trumpet nail