Bio Psychology Exam 1

Somatic Intervention

Manipulating the body to see how it effects behavior.

Behavioral Intervention

Manipulating behavior to see how it effects the body.

Levels of Analysis

The scope of an experimental approach, ranging from social interactions, to brain systems, circuits and single nerve cells, to even simpler/smaller at the molecular level.

Dualism

The argument that different types of phenomena require fundamentally different types of scientific investigative methods. Ex: Mental/Physical phenomena need to be studied using different tools.

Electroencephalograms (EEG)

A recording of electrical activity in the brain (measured by brain waves/potentials activated in the cells when they create electricity) via large electrodes placed on the scalp.

Event-Related Potentials (ERP)

Brain responses to a single stimulus (ex: the same loud sound) that’s measured while a person’s head is in an EEG.

Epilepsy

A brain disorder characterized by seizures caused by electrical storms in the brain.

Rostral

Front

Caudal

Back

Anterior

Front

What landmarks belong to the Telencephalon?

Cortex, Cerebral Hemispheres, Basal Ganglia, Hippocampus, Amygdala

Which region is the telencephalon in?

Forebrain

Which region is the diencephalon in?

Forebrain

Which region is the mesencephalon in?

Midbrain

Which region is the metencephalon in?

Hindbrain

Which region is the myelencephalon in?

Hindbrain

What landmarks belong to the Myelencephalon?

The Medulla

What landmarks belong to the Metencephalon?

The Pons and Cerebellum.

What parts of the spinal cord do the Sympathetic System come from?

The thoracic and lumbar. (The middle section)

What parts of the spinal cord do the Parasympathetic System come from?

The brainstem and sacral spine. (All parts EXCEPT the middle.)

Afferent

Info being carried towards the Central Nervous System.

Efferent

Info being carried away from the Central Nervous System.

What is Gray Matter?

Neuronal Cell Bodies, dendrites, some local axons that aren’t traveling very far, and a LOT of synapses.

What is White Matter?

Myelin fat over axons.

What does the Precentral Gyrus Do?

Is crucial for motor input.

What does the Postcentral Gyrus do?

Is crucial for touch/sensation.

What does the Fornix do?

Is for memory/learning.

How do you see the neuron structure and cell shape?

Golgi Stains.

How do you see the cell body and the cell’s tissue layer?

Nissl Stains

Substantia Nigra

A part of the Basal Ganglia whose neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine within the brain.

Loss of neurons in this brain piece leads to Parkinson’s Disease.

Substantia Nigra

The Basal Ganglia has three parts:

Caudate, Putamen, and Globus Pallidus

Delivers USED materials from the axon terminals to the neuron cell body for Recycling.

Retrograde Transport

Delivers materials from the neuronal cell bodies to the axon terminals.

Anterograde Transport

I can locate messenger RNA, what am I?

In Situ Hybridization

I can locate receptor protein antibodies, what am I?

Immunohistochemistry

I can locate a chosen neurotransmitter/molecule by taking a radioactive cell-fie, what am I?

Autoradiography

The Top Part of the Midbrain. Has 2 bumps for roles in sensory processing with 1 in each hemisphere.

Tectum

Are Rostral Midbrain bumps made for visual processing.

Superior Colliculi

Are Caudal Midbrain bumps made for sound processing.

Inferior Colliculi

I combine genes/optics to control cells using light. What am I?

Optogenetics

I’m a variation of MRI where the spread of water in a confined space is exploited to make pictures of axon fiber tracts. I’m also called Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).

Tractography.

I’m when detectors pick up reflections of light as it bounces back out through the scalp to track cortical activity during behavior. AKA “Optical Imaging”. What am I?

FNIRS: Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

I’m a type of tract tracer where inserted genes cause neurons to express fluorescent proteins in hundreds of different colors. What am I?

Brainbow

I’m a substance used to visualize the axonal connections of axons. What am I?

Tract Tracer

I’m an island within the lateral sulcus, hidden under the cerebral cortex.

Insula

I do emotional processing, but especially disgust. Also the degree of pain you feel during an injury.

Insula

I do movement control and am crucial for skill learning, what am I?

Basal Ganglia

I do cognitive thinking and impulse control, what am I?

Frontal Lobe

I make cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in the lateral ventricles/4th ventricle. What am I?

Choroid Plexus

I’m a control system for signals in the brain, what am I?

Thalamus

I control vital functions like hunger, thirst, and sex. I also do temperature regulation and is the main interface with the body’s hormonal systems. What am I?

Hypothalamus

I influence smooth muscles, like when your heart speeds up. What am I?

The autonomic motor output.

We are both part of the Peripheral Nervous System. What are we?

The afferent and efferent information systems.

I am what activates when your sending signals to move your body. What am I?

The Somatic Motor Algorithm

I do sense of touch and higher order visual-spatial processing. I contain the pre/post central gyrus and the central sulcus. What am I?

Parietal Lobe

I do complex object processing. What am I?

Temporal Lobe

I do coordination, timing, and learning, including from movement errors. What am I?

Cerebellum

I contain the somatosensory cortex, and process your body in space/area. What am I?

Parietal Lobe

I do emotional processing and self vs others differentiation. When you’re on drugs and start feeling like you’re “one with everything”, I’m likely the area that’s been affected. What am I?

Cingulate Gyrus

I regulate your heart and lung respiration, what am I?

Medulla

I extend from the medulla to the thalamus, and am a loose collection of neurons involved in sleep and arousal. What am I?

Reticular Formation