AICE Marine Ecology Quizlet

1. What is a close relationship between two different species called

Answer: Symbiosis

2. What type of symbiosis benefits one organism while harming the other

Answer: Parasitism

3. What type of symbiosis benefits one organism while the other is unaffected

Answer: Commensalism

4. What type of symbiosis benefits both organisms

Answer: Mutualism

5. Copepods live on a marine fish and obtain nutrients while harming the fish. What relationship is this

Answer: Parasitism

6. Remora fish obtain food scraps from manta rays without significantly affecting them. What relationship is this

Answer: Commensalism

7. Boxer crabs carry anemones for protection, while the anemones gain access to food. What relationship is this

Answer: Mutualism

8. What is an organism that hunts and eats another organism called

Answer: Predator

9. What is an organism hunted and eaten by a predator called

Answer: Prey

10. What is the term for organisms competing for the same limited resource

Answer: Competition

11. What is a species introduced outside its natural range that causes ecological harm called

Answer: Invasive species

12. What is the role of an organism within its environment called

Answer: Niche

13. What is an organism that makes its own organic food from inorganic substances called

Answer: Autotroph

14. What is an organism that obtains organic nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter called

Answer: Heterotroph

15. What is an organism that eats other animals called

Answer: Carnivore

16. What is a sequence showing the transfer of energy through feeding relationships called

Answer: Food chain

17. What is a network of interconnected food chains called

Answer: Food web

18. What does each feeding position in a food chain represent

Answer: Trophic level

19. In a marine food chain, what usually forms the first trophic level

Answer: Producers

20. In the chain phytoplankton → zooplankton → small fish, what eats the phytoplankton

Answer: Zooplankton

21. In the chain phytoplankton → zooplankton → small fish, what is the small fish's food source

Answer: Zooplankton

22. What happens to a food web if a major prey species declines

Answer: Predator populations may decline

23. What may happen to prey populations if their main predator disappears

Answer: Prey populations may increase

24. What does an energy pyramid represent

Answer: Energy available at each trophic level

25. Which trophic level usually contains the most energy

Answer: Producers

26. What happens to available energy as it passes up a food chain

Answer: It decreases

27. What is the rate of biomass production per unit area or volume per unit time called

Answer: Productivity

28. What is the productivity of producers called

Answer: Primary productivity

29. What does high primary productivity generally mean for a marine food chain

Answer: More energy and biomass may be available to consumers

30. If producers contain 10,000 kJ of energy and primary consumers contain 1,000 kJ, how much energy is transferred

Answer: 1,000 kJ

31. What percentage of energy is transferred from trophic level to trophic leve?

Answer: 10%

32. If 5,000 kJ enters a trophic level and 1,500 kJ is transferred to the next level, how much energy is lost

Answer: 3,500 kJ

34. If a food chain begins with 20,000 kJ and 10% transfers at each step, how much energy reaches the second trophic level

Answer: 2,000 kJ

35. Why is less energy available at higher trophic levels

Answer: Energy is lost at each transfer

36. What type of pyramid shows the amount of energy available at each trophic level

Answer: Pyramid of energy

37. What are organisms that drift with water currents called

Answer: Plankton

38. What are drifting photosynthetic plankton called

Answer: Phytoplankton

39. What are drifting animal plankton called

Answer: Zooplankton

40. What are organisms that swim independently of water currents called

Answer: Nekton

41. What are organisms that live at or near the water's surface called

Answer: Neuston

42. What term describes organisms living on, in, or closely associated with the seabed

Answer: Benthic

43. What term describes an organism that remains attached to a surface

Answer: Sessile

44. What term describes an organism capable of movement

Answer: Motile

45. What is dead organic material, such as decaying plant or animal remains, called

Answer: Detritus