Untitled

AsO4 3-

Arsenate

Bauer

developed the extraction of metals from ores

Lavoisier

explained the true nature of combustion; law of conservation of mass

Proust

showed that a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass which came to be known as the law of definite proportion

MnO4-

Permanganate

Millikan

using an oil drop experiment to find electron charge and the mass of an electron (9.11e-31 kg)

C2O4 2-

Oxalate

JJ Thomson

determined the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron, plum pudding model

Boyle

measured the relationship between the pressure and volume of air

Rutherford

disproved Thomson's plum pudding model by locating the 'dense center of positive charge' known now as the nucleus; shot alpha particles into a gold foil in order to find it

Priestley

discovered oxygen gas (originally called "dephlogisticated air")

Dalton

law of multiple proportions- states when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers

Demokritos

coined the term "atomos" to describe the ultimate particles

NCS-

Thiocyanate

NH4+

Ammonium

Becquerel

found a mineral containing uranium that could produce its image on a photographic plate in the absence of light: he coined radioactivity

NO2-

Nitrite

NO3-

Nitrate

SO3 2-

Sulfite

SO4 2-

Sulfate

HSO4-

Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate

OH-

Hydroxide

CN-

Cyanide

PO4 3-

Phosphate

HPO4 2-

Hydrogen Phosphate

H2PO4-

Dihydrogen Phosphate

CO3 2-

Carbonate

HCO3-

Hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate

ClO-

Hypochlorite

ClO2-

Chlorite

ClO3-

Chlorate

ClO4-

Perchlorate

C2H3O2-

Acetate

Cr2O7 2-

Dichromate

O2 2-

Peroxide

CrO4 2-

Chromate

Cr2O7 2-

Dichromate

PO3 3-

Phosphite

IO3-

Iodate

BrO3-

Bromate

always soluble

alkali metals

always soluble

ammonia/ammonium

always soluble

chlorate/chlorite/perchlorate

always soluble

acetate

always soluble

acidic hydrogen

always soluble

nitrate/nitrite

soluble except Ag, Hg, Pb

chlorides/bromides/iodides

soluble except Ag, Hg, Sr, Ba

chromate

soluble except Hg, Pb, Ca, Sr, Ba

sulfates

insoluble except Ca, Sr, Ba

hydroxide

insoluble except Sr, Ba

oxides

insoluble

sulfide

insoluble

sulfite

insoluble

phosphate

insoluble

carbonate