Exam I (Part I)

Walk on soles of feet

Plantigrade

What animals are plantigrade?

Miacids

Time of the dinosaurs; first animal with carnassial teeth

Miacids

Small tree dwellings, long slender bodies, short legs, long tail

Miacids

Walks on digits

Digitigrade

Genus and Species of the Cat

Felis Catus

Genus and Species of the Dog

Canis Familiaris

What is domestication?

Breeding and containment of a large group of animals under control of humans

What is taming?

Decreasing fear of humans in an individual animal

How was the cat domesticated?

Utilitarian or spiritual

How was the dog domesticated?

Proto-dog feeding on waste

Primarily responsible for the major changes associated with domestication

Natural selection

Breeding for traits that we want in a dog

Selective breeding

Animals from outside the group can be introduced into the group to bring in new genes

Open group

Only animals that are within the group are allowed to reproduce

Closed group

An artificial construct created by wealthy dog fanciers in the 1800s

Purebred dogs

What breeds are in the Spitz?

Norwegian Elkhound, Siberian Husky, Chow Chow

What breeds are in the Mastiff?

Mastiff, St. Bernard, Boxer

What breeds are in the sight hound?

Greyhound, Saluki, Afghan hound, whippet

What breeds are in the scent hound?

Bloodhound, basset hound, beagle, otterhound

What breeds are in the terriers?

Airedale terrier, border terrier, schnauzer, dachshund

What breeds are in the gundog?

Pointers, setters, spaniels, retrievers

What breeds are in herding/guarding breeds?

Border collie, corgi, german shepard, kuvasz, komondor, Great Pyrenees

What breeds are in the toy/miniature breeds?

Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Maltese

Developed to work in cold environments as draft dogs to pull sleds or carts

Spitz breed

Short-bodies; stocky builds and thick double coats

Spitz breed

Heaviest and largest breed first developed for dogs of war, guardians, and hunters of large game

Mastiff

Developed to hunt for nonfeathered game and is the earliest hunting dog with speed to follow game

Sight hounds

Tall slender, long legged, deep chested

Sight hounds

Chases quarry with a sense of vision over sense of smell

Sight hounds

Follow the ground scent of the game to locate and track

Scent hounds

Some trained to kill quarry and some to corner and “give tongue” or bay to alert the hunter

Scent hounds

Stamina is important

Scent hounds

Strong, sturdy legs, heavy bones and long head with pendulous ears

Scent hounds

Original purpose was to dig underground and hunt ground dwelling quarry (including rodents)

Terrier

Resilience and high pain tolerance

Terrier

Most have a wiry coat to protect when in brush or digging in ground

Terrier

Hunters use firearms and dog is required to find game, flush it out, and retreive it

Gundogs

Control and move herds of livestock from place to place

Livestock herding breed

Protectors of livestock, guarding from natural predators

Livestock guarding breeds

A group of animals that have been artificially selected over many generations to possess a uniform heritable appearance

Breed

What are the two cat body types?

Cobby and Foreign

Compact heavy bones and sturdy body with deep chest

Cobby

Light bones, narrow wedge-shaped head, long legs, long slender body

Foreign

What type of breeds have the coby body?

British shorthair and persian

What type of breeds have a foreign type body?

Siamese

Hair shaft has alternating bands of light and dark, usually, the tip of the hair is darkest with a lighter band in the center

Agouti

Coat appears to be soft and wavy ripples

Rex

Darker pigments on ears, feet, legs, and face

Pointed

Which cat has an agouti pattern?

Abyssinian

What cat is a pointed coat breed?

Siamese

Tail-less cat (AA gene is lethal)

Manx

Brachycephalic cat that is docile and gentle

Persian

Likes water and swimming

Turkish Van

Spotted cats

Egyptian Mau, Ocicat, Bengal

Males are infertile but females are not

Bengal

Kittens born with folded ears

Scottish fold

Dominant homozygous gene can lead to a fused tail vertebrae and abnormal cartilage formation in the legs and paws

Scottish fold

Spontaneous mutation that causes “peach fuzz” and a lack of eyebrows

Sphynx

Goes limp when held

Ragdoll

Short legged cat

Munchkin

Elongated skull

Dolichocephalic

What dogs are dolichocephalic?

Greyhound, Borzoi, collie

Moderate head shape

Mesaticephalic

What type of dogs are mesaticephalic?

Spanials and retrievers

Wider base and short muzzle provides jaw strength to carry prey

Mesaticephalic

Broad skull and short muzzle

Brachycephalic

What dogs are brachycephalic?

Bulldogs, boxers

Greater jaw strength to fight and bite/ also for toy breeds

Brachycephalic

The presence of traits in adult animals that are typically seen only in young animals

Neoteny

When do Deciduous teeth start to erupt?

21 days

When do the Deciduous teeth fully erupt?

5-6 weeks

When do permanent teeth start to erupt?

4 months

When are the permanent teeth fully in?

6-7 months

Slowest and least tiring gait

Walk

Most efficient and stable gait when moving long distances

Trot

What is the beat of a walk?

4 beat gait

What is the beat of a trot?

2 beat gait

Lateral gait that the legs on each side of the body move together

Pace or Amble

Fastest gait

Gallop

Short period of time which the body is actually airbone

Suspension

Area both eyes can see

Binocular vision

Range only one eye can see

Peripheral vision

Both binocular and peripheral vision

Field of vision

Area which can not be seen

Blind spot

Disruption in normal breathing pattern to allow molecules that import odor to remain within the nasal passages for longer

Sniffing

What senses are developed at birth?

Touch and taste