Bug names n stuff

What insect livesin Antartica?

Wingless Antartic Midge

Order Coleoptera

Beetles

Phylum Onychophora

Velvet Worms (worms with weird leg things).

Order Coleoptera: Family Scolytidae

Ambrosia Beetles

Ambrosia Beetles

pest for trees. Mycangia, produces offstring in the fungi that is put into trees.

Mycangia

Transport of fungi

Entomopathogenic

Infecting (fungi). for pest management

Order Hymenoptera

Bees!

Order Lepidoptera

Butterflies (and moths. and skippers (?))

Order Diptera

Flies

Halteres

Diptera & strepsiptera. 2 small "wings"on the back that help them balance and rotate n stuff

Pollinator Orders

Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera (Bees, Flies, Butterflies, & Beetles)

Ovule

Plant female part. pollen fertilizes

Order Diptera: Family Bombyllidae

Bee flies. Predatory / parasitic. Feed on nectar & pollen. Important pollinators in some ecosystems, like deserts

Proboscis

Mouthparts modified for sucking / siphoning. Lepidoptera.

Order Lepidoptera: Family Sphingidae

Sphinx or hawk moths, hornworms. Pollinate tube-shaped flowers, but are also pests.

Order Lepidoptera: Family Nymphalidae

Brush-footed Butterflies. Pollination over a wide region, due to their long-distance migration

Two approaches to Taxonomy

Morphology & Molecular Genetics

Polyphyletic Trait

Diff groups of organisms that evolved the same trait independently

EAEAHI

Eukarya, Animalia, Ecdyszoa, Anthropoda, Hexapoda, Insecta [...]

Superphylum Ecdyszoa

Cuticle. Has a cuticle somewhere.

Phylum Anthrpoda

Jointed Appendages

Subphylum Hexapoda

SIX. 6 legs. Hex. Like 6

Subphylum Insecta

6 legs, 3 body segments/tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen), one pair of antennae, 2 pairs of wings, exoskeleton

Subphylum Myriapoda

Centipede (Chilopoda) & Millipedes (Diplopda). 2 body regions, many pairs of legs, 1 antennae

Subphylum Crustacea

2 Body Regions, 3 Pairs of legs, 2 pairs of antennae

Subphylum Chelicerta

2 body regions, 4 pairs of legs, 0 antennae

Class Chilopoda

Centipede

Class Diploda

Millepede

Order Odonota

Dragonflies & Damselflies

Order Hemiptera

True bugs. Piercing mouthparts!

Chilopeta

Long, elongated bodies. One pair of legs per body segment

Social insects r

Ants and termites! and SOME bees and SOME wasps

Evolution "formula"

Phenotype = Genotype x Environmental. Phenotype variation req. for natural selection

Genetic Drift

Population change w/ random events

Gene Flow

Habitat changes

Ecdysis

Molting

Ecdysone

Molting hormone

Ametabolous

Egg -> Nymph -> Adult. No metamorphosis

Hemimetabolous

Half/incomplete metamorphosis. Same habitat n stuff. Adults just got wings...

Holometabolous

Pupa !! The full circle. Diff habitats, less competition.

Chelicrae

Mouthparts, for like spiders n stuff.

Hormone dropped when an insect is ready to pupate

Juvenile Hormone drops

Parsimony

EASIEST and most simple hypothesis to define evolutionary changes.

Phylum Nematoda

Worms! horsehair worms & round worms. neM. M. upside down W. W for Worms.

Phylum Lorificera, Kinorhyncha, Priapulida

Chitinous cuticle. Similar looking to fleshlights imo.

Phylum Tardigrada

Water bears. 1 antennae. Sucking pharynx. Don't die.

Subphylum Trilobita

Extinct. Replaced by crustacea. Flattened body w/ tons of legs.

Class Protura

Cone-headed. "Protrude".

Class Diplura

Two-pronged bristletails.

Class Collembola

Columbia's springtails. Have furcula, or jumping forks

Furcula

Jumping forks. stores and releases energy to jump.

Insect's 3 body tagmata

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

Parthenogenesis

Asexual reproduction and development w/o fertilization

Instar

Developmental stage of insects between molts.

Sutures

Folds in exoskeleton

Setae

little hairs on insect exoskeletons

Exoskeleton

Made out of chitin. Has sutures, pits/pores, and setae. Exoskeleton is, from top to bottom, Procuticle, Exocuticle, Endocuticle, and then the Epidermis

Order Trichotera

Hairy wings. Aquatic moths.

Blood of Insect

Hemolymph

Ectognauthous

"gnaw" and "ecto", meaning outside mouth.

Hypopharynx

Insect tongue!

Ommatidia

Compound eyes

Ocelli

Simple eye. On top of the head.

Stemmata

Larvae. Side of head. Prey eyes..

Johnston's Organ

Pedicel. Detects vibration.

Antennae

Chemoreception & Mechanoreception

Order Strepsiptera

Parasitic insects. Spend lives inside other insects. also have halteres.

Thorax

Pro, Meso, and Meta. Meso and Meta each have 1 pair of wings. Each section has one pair of legs.

Cursorial

Running (legs)

Raptorial

Grabbing (legs)

Saltatorial

Jumping (legs)

Natatorial

Swimming (legs)

Fossorial

Digging (legs)

Corbicular hairs

Pollen basket. Mainly in bees (legs)

Spiracles

Tracheal system is connected to it. Lets O2 and CO2 flow for internal breathing structure

Cerci

Paired appendeges found on the rear of an insect. Modified versions do different things, like the earwig.

Ovipositor

Female reproductive part for laying eggs.

Aedegaus

Male reproductive part

Dorsal Vessel

Maintains flow of hemolymph

Alimentary Canal

Long muscular tube that goes from mouth to anus

Malpighian tubes

Hair like tubes that act as "kidneys", removing

Fat Body

A storage organ in the insect's body. Well nourished insects are full of fat body. Also converts nitrogenous weaste to uric acid and plays a roll in hormonal control.

Ganglia

Connected to the nervous system, and brain.

Spermetaphores

Sperm bubbles the male produces, which is then put into the female

Spermatheca

Sac in female reproductive system where sperm is stored

Ootheca

Egg case

Coevolution

Two (or more) species rapidly evolve together by competition, symbosis, or something else..

Reciprocal selection

Mutual selective pressure on one another

Plant Chemical Defense

Nicotine, Cytisine, Capsicin, Piperine

Plant Physical Defense

Spines, Thorns, Prickles

Folivores

Leaves (chew)

Florivores

Flowers (chew)

Fruits

Frugivores (chew)

Eating Seeds

Granivores (chew)

Eating Roots

Root feeders

Skeletonizers

An insect that eats the soft tissue of leaves. Leaves behind a skeleton kinda thing

Insect shelter builds

Leaf rollers, Leaf tiers, Leaf tents

Aphids

Puncture plants and drink their plant juice / fluids

Internal feeding of leaves

Leaf Miners