phonetics mid term week 7

listener oriented approach

transcribing words the speaker produced with a focus on the meaning of the message and the articulatory movement

speaker oriented approach

how the speaker uses their respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory system to produce speech

employing a listener oriented approach

recording the words produced by the speaker when you have no prior reason to be concerned with articulation or when you want to asses the speakers language skills

employing a speaker oriented approach

transcribing disordered speech to help correct misarticulated speech

phonetic production

a record of a speakers production

ex. [peɪ] "pay"

phonemic production

the word's contrastive sound categories --> the word being talked about

ex. /peɪ/ "pay"

broad phonetic transcription

the basic sound sequence

ex. [peɪ] "pay"

narrow phonetic transcription

additional subscript/diacritic is added so another phoneme isn't added

ex. [pʰeɪ] "pay"

[ ]

brackets - used for phonetic transcription

/ /

slashes - used for phonemic transcription

_ʰ

aspiration

aspiration

a voiceless oral stop at the onset in a primary stressed syllable (p, ʈ, k, and h)

̃

vowel nasalization

vowel nasalization

when a vowel occurs before a nasal stop (n, m, or ŋ)

approximant devoicing

when approximants (w, l, j, or ɺ) occur after a voiceless obstruent (f, h, k, p, s, ʃ, ʈ, ʈ̑ʃ)

̑

synchronic tie

̥

approximant devoicing

synchronic ties

used to tie an affricate or dipthong together in their narrow form

systematic transcription

transcribing the phonemes of a work - the mental representation of the word (//)

impressionistic transcription

transcribing someones actual speech - how someone articulated the word ([ ])