Earth's rotation and the Coriolis Effect - Lecture 10- PHYS OCE

what is the coriolis effect

artificial force to account for earths rotation using a fixed system

what does the coriolis effect affect

moving objects

what are the three components of coriolis effect

angular velocity of earth along perpendicular axis, parallel (N/S) and up and down

what is the coriolis parameter formula

f = 2 Ω sin(λ)

what is F = fv

N -S flow will feel force in E-W direction

what if F = -fu

E-W will feel force in N-S direction

where is coriolis max

high latitudes

where does coriolis push objects in north and south hemisphere

pushes right in north and left in south

how do we know if earths rotation is important or not

based on the rossby number

where is coriolis important

large scale slow motion away from equator

what is the formiula for rosby number

R0 = nonlinear terms/ coriolis terms (U/fL)w

what does a small rossby number mean

coriolis is important

when is earths rotation not important

strong flow small scale

what are examples of when coriolis is not important

flow through pipes, air around airplane, toilet, baseball, tornados

what are examples of when coriolis is important

wind pattern, ocean circulation, eddies, hurricanes,

why is wind pattern clockwise around high pressure but anti around low

earths rotationm

what is vorticity

property to describe rotation

what is planetary vorticity

earth rotation may cause ocean rotation

what is relative vorticity

other motions not by earths rotation

what does vorticity replace

u and v

what is larger relative or planetary vorticity

planetary

what is the formula for absolute vorticity

ζ + f

what is the full vorticity equation

D/Dt(ζ + f) + (ζ + f)(∂u/∂x +∂v/∂y) = 0

equation for potential vorticity

relative vorticity + planetary / depth

what happens when depth changes in potential vorticity

spin faster or something else to make up for it

what is inertial motion

balance between particle acceleration and coriolis terms

what is f and diameter and period in higher latitudes

larger f small D and t, smaller circle and faster spin

when are inertial currents produced

strong changes in wind