Acid fast bacteria and spirochetes (unfinished)

Mycobacterium is an acid fast bacteria meaning it contains _______ and is ___________

• mycolic acid

• slow growing

Mycobacterium bovis causes ___________

bovine tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a ________ disease that can lie _________ for long periods of time causes ________ lesions on the animal

• chronic

• latent

• pathognomonic

Pathogenesis of mycobacterium starts with multiplication in the _______ and in an immunocompetent animal they have a delayed ____________ and ___________ response

• lungs

• hypersensitivity

• cell mediated

While immunocompetent animals most likely wont die the _________ are still alive and a small amount of them will die

bacteria

In an immunosuppressed animal infected with mycobacterium they will have no __________ and will most likely die

hypersensitivity

M. bovis multiplies in ______________ within the lungs

phagosomes of macrophages

Due to an __________ mycobacterium bovis infection is arrested in immune competent animals

cell mediated immune response

What on mycobacterium stimulates granuloma formation

mycolic acid

Due to the mycolic acid a ____________ forms which is also known as a __________ creating the pathognomonic lesion

• granuloma

• tubercle

Activated macrophages due to mycobacterium infection release ____________ causing _________

• inflammatory cytokines

• cachexia

What are the virulence factors of M. bovis

• mycolic acid

• facultative intracellular parasitism

• mycobactin

• no endo or exotoxin

There are distinct forms of ________ that a mycobacterium can have one known as ________ allows for 2 molecules of mycolic acid to adhere to surfaces and tissues

• mycolic acid

• cord factor

Another form of mycolic acid known as _________ allows for mycobacterium to survive inside a cell and fulfill another virulence factor by being a ____________

• sulfolipid

• facultative intracellular parasite

Host factors of M.bovis are typically caused by the ___________ response of the host to the products of bacteria

hypersensitivity

The best method to diagnose M.bovis in animals is to preform a ____________-

delayed hypersensitivity test

If you were to culture mycobacterium bovis you would find that it is an _______ and has a ________ generation time

• obligate aerobe

• long

What are the 3 ways you could diagnose M.bovis

• acid fast stain

• hypersensitivity test

• PCR of tissue specimen

Mycobacterium bovis resevoir lies within what?

infected animals an human

The best way to prevent M.bovis in cattle is to use what method?

test and cull

What are the criteria that must be met before you can enact the test and cull method

• obligatory pathogens

• limited species of animals are infected

• spontaneous recovery is rare and treatment is expensive

• causes zoonosis

What diseases meet the criteria to perform test and cull if found in animals?

• bovine tuberculosis

• bovine brucellosis

• equine glanders

What causes complication with preventing spread of M.bovis

• its ability to infect deer and dogs

• its endemic to the population

• vaccination is not effective

What other important mycobacterium species causes johne’s disease

M avium subsp paratuberculosis

What are clinical signs of johne’s disease in cattle

• chronic diarrhea

• emaciation

• proliferative enteritis

Unlike M. bovis, M avium causes no ________ formation and has a long ________ lasting ___

• granuloma

• latent period

• 1-7 years