memory

daily schedule, names, directions

common memories

having conversations (remembering language, etc), knowing what to do in a restaurant

less common memories

assign meaning to something we are learning

levels of processing theories

t/f memory is not based on how long you spend encoding

true

The process of putting information into your memory so you can remember it later

encoding

memory is based on if

you encode in a meaningful way!!

shallow and deep

2 diff types of processing

rehearse info based on superficial characteristics

shallow processing

rehearse info based on meaningful characteristics

deep processing

deep processing leads to the

best retention

to help memorize something you can use a personal example

self-reference effect

sensory input - sensory memory - attention - short-term memory - encoding & retrieval - long term

Atikinson and Shiffrins model

repeating things to self

matinence rehearsal

doesn’t last very long

retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation

sensory memory

created by your mind

trail of light following a sparkler

brief sensory memory for visual information

iconic memory

average of 4.5 letters remembered

Sperling

how long does it take for memory to fade

1 second

persistence of sound after presentation of auditory stimulus

lasts slightly

echoic memory

capacity for sensory memory

large

duration for sensory memory

short

1 second or less

iconic

a few seconds (approx. 2)

echoic

debatable

purpose

information is actively manipulated here

short term memory

7 plus or minus 2

Miller’s magic number

duration is about 20-30 seconds

short-term memory

grouping information into meaningful bits

chunking

can refer to chunks rather than single pieces of information

millers magic number

anything that needs to be accessed/ not actively thinking about it

long-term memory

memory you are conscious and aware of

explicit

memory you are unconscious of

implicit

personal events and experience

episodic

piece of info/fact/knowledge

semantic

memory for how to recognize

perceptual

memory for how to do certain actions

procedural

out of long term memory to use it

retrieval

straight retrieval

recall

identify correct info

choose correct option

recognition

learning more quickly if exposed to it before

relearning

wanted to understand if memories are stored in one area or multiple

Karl Lashley

if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function

equipotentiality hypothesis

almond-shaped organ in the limbic system

emotional computer

amygdala

blocked learning of avoidance response in fear conditioning

animal lesions in amygdala

no memory for interpreting of auditory stimuli

can recall what it feels like to feel a certain emotion

human lesions in amygdala