Selection and presentation of the news

how is the news presented on tv

typically its negative things that get put in the news

what are the three things that ownership of the media influence

• agenda setting

• gate keeping

• norm setting

what is the media prioritised around

making a profit through advertisements during tv shows

what is conservatism

minority views or controversial views arent presented in the media

what do barnett and gaber argue about conservatism

it leads to a much less critical approach to all things in the media specifically politics

who came up with agenda setting

cohen

what is agenda setting

controlling what story are in the news and therefore what things people watch and think about

how does the cultural effects model apply to agenda setting

the media continually only present certain stories in the media and a specific view point on those things which gradually effects our mindset until we passively accept the message the media displays

how would pluralists criticise agenda setting

• they would say there is a range of choices of things to watch in the media so you can find something that you agree with

• the media doesnt control what they put out its actually based around what the audience want to see

what is gatekeeping

the idea that someone - in this case the media have the power to refuse to share certain stories and information and if they dont think its important enough it wont be published

give examples of something that would be gatekeeping

• white collar crimes

• epstein files

• government scandals - covid parties

how do neomarxists think the media protects the dominant ideology

the journalists have similar background to the owners which ensure the same view point are given out

how does the miners strike and the banking crisis support the idea of gatekeeping

the miners strike - a working class issue was instantly reported on but a crisis due to the faults of the ruling class was kept hidden

what are some challenges of gatekeeping now we have the internet

citizen journalism means something doesnt have to be reported on in the news someone else in the public can post about it for people to see e.g. social media

what is norm setting

the way the media helps to reinforce conformity to social norms

what are the 2 ways the media reinforces social norms

• encouraging conformist behaviour

• discouraging non-conformist behaviour

how does the media encourage conformist behaviour

they agree with not going on strike and make a big deal of it when people do e.g. calling teachers lazy when they striked

how does the media discourage non conformist behaviour

they make a big deal of things like going on strike and portray it negatively in the media

give examples of norm setting in the media

the protests in france have been show in the media as violent riots when all they are doing is standing up for themselves

how can the reception analysis model be applied to this

people can disagree with messages shown by the media is they are an active audience - oppositional reading

what is another things that effects the way the media is presented

the impact of journalist assumptions

what are the 3 things that make up journalist assumptions

• power elite

• propaganda

• hierarchy and credibility

power elite

the news content is politcally conservative with little content that challenges the media owners view points as journalists have similar backgrounds to the owners

how is power elite supported by neo marxism

control isnt direct from the owners it comes from the journalists as they have similar views to the owners so send out the same messages - these messages slowly effect the audience due to the drip drip effect

how would pluralists criticise the power elite

the audience is actually in control as the journalists have to present news that is interesting to the audience

what is the propaganda of the media

the media has a motive behind the news they release to get the audience to think a certain way and they do this as a network of people have shared interests

what can be used to support the propaganda of the media

• rupert murdoch and tony blair

• benefit scroungers

• strikes

what can we use to criticise the progranda of the media

• media literacy

• the audience may be active and know not to believe it

what is the hierarchy of credibility

whos opinion is seen as values within the media and society

who is the sociologist that talks about hierarchy of credibility

stuart hall

what does hall say about the hierarchy of credibility

journalists prioritise the opinions of police officers and politicians and business leaders

what can you use to support the idea of the hierarchy of credibility

• when looking a crime they interview police and not what locals think

• in covid they interviewed doctors and politicians and no locals and what they think

what is a criticism of of hierarchy of credibility

if the public dont get interviewed then they will post their opinions anyway on social media

what are the 3 things that affect how the media is presented

• ownership of media

• the impact of journalism

• moral panics