GenBio Module 1

Unifying Themes of Life and Cell Theory

Biology

The scientific study of life and living organisms

Made of Cells and Organized

Cells are highly organized and has a step-by-step hierarchy

Cell

smallest unit of organization

Unicellular

an organism that is only made up of one cell

Multicellular

an organism that is made up of multiple cells

atom, molecule, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Organizational hierarchy in biology (AMOCTOO SPCEBIBIS)

Acquires Material and Energy

organisms continuously obtain and use energy for growth and life processes

Metabolism

the totality of biochemical reactions in living cells that converts food into energy

Anabolism

the process of converting small molecules into larger ones to use energy to construct new cells, tissues, and organs (uses energy)

Catabolism

the process of converting large molecules into smaller ones to release energy for the body to use (releases energy)

Heterotrophs

organisms that cannot produce their own food and gets energy from consuming food

Autotrophs

organisms that can produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide and other chemicals

Maintaining Homeostasis

organisms regulate their internal conditions for proper cell function. It can be a response to changes in their external or internal environment.

Homeostasis

the condition of the body where it maintains a stable internal environment

Responds to their Environment

organisms responds to the stimuli or changes in their environment

Phototropism

positive directional response to sunlight where the stimulus is sunlight that responses to bending of plants toward the sun

Living things Reproduce

Living organisms produce offspring and passing down genetic information tp ensure survival

Grow and Develop

Living things undergo regulated growth; individual cells become larger and multicellular organisms accumulate cells through cell division

Structure determines function

Forms follows function which biological shape, form, or blueprint determines its specific job or role

Cells

the fundamental structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms (building blocks of life)

Cell Theory

the fundamental scientific theory of biology

Every living organism consists of one or more cells

Principle 1 of Cell Theory

The cell is the fundamental unit of life

Principle 2 of Cell Theory

cells come form pre-existing cells

Principle 3 of Cell Theory

Spontaneous Generation

old belief from the 1500s that life is formed from non-living things

Robert Hooke

1665; coined the term “cell” because he observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope and the tiny boxes reminded him cells of monastery.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

1673; The first to view living organisms under a microscope. He used a handheld microscope to view pond water and scrapings from his teeth and called them “animalcules“

Matthias Schleiden

1838; suggested that every structural element of plant is composed of cells or their products.

Theodore Schwann

1839; All elementary parts of animal tissues are formed of cells

Rudolf Virchow

1855; observed cells dividing under the microscope and concluded that cells must arise from pre-existing cells.

Modern Cell Theory

expansion of Cell Theory due to innovations in tech and research

Energy flows within the cell

Principle 4 of Cell Theory

DNA of cell is passed from cell to cell

Principle 5 of Cell Theory

All cells have similar basic cellular chemical composition

Principle 6 of Cell Theory