Karjera un darbs

Reported speech change: Present Simple

Backshifts to Past Simple (e.g., "I walk" becomes "She walked").

Reported speech change: Present Continuous

Backshifts to Past Continuous (e.g., "I am studying" becomes "He was studying").

Reported speech change: Past Simple

Backshifts to Past Perfect (e.g., "We saw him" becomes "They had seen him").

Reported speech change: Present Perfect

Backshifts to Past Perfect (e.g., "I have eaten" becomes "She had eaten").

Reported speech change: modal verb 'can'

Changes to 'could'.

Reported speech change: modal verb 'will'

Changes to 'would'.

Reported speech shift: 'tomorrow'

Converts to 'the next day' or 'the following day'.

Reported speech shift: 'yesterday'

Converts to 'the previous day' or 'the day before'.

Reported speech shift: 'here'

Converts to 'there'.

Grammar pattern: 'admit'

Followed by a gerund (-ing) or a that-clause (e.g., "admitted stealing the money" or "admitted that he was wrong").

Grammar pattern: 'refuse'

Followed directly by a to-infinitive (e.g., "refused to answer").

Grammar pattern: 'persuade'

Followed by an object and to-infinitive: [object] + to-infinitive (e.g., "persuaded her to come").

Grammar pattern: 'apologise for'

Followed by a gerund (-ing) or noun phrase: preposition + -ing (e.g., "apologised for arriving late").

Grammar pattern: 'warn'

Followed by an object and an infinitive structure: [object] + (not) to-infinitive (e.g., "warned them not to touch it").

Grammar pattern: 'insist on'

Followed by a gerund: preposition + -ing (e.g., "insisted on paying the bill").

Separable vs. Inseparable phrasal verbs

Separable verbs permit the direct object to sit between the verb and particle (pronouns must go between). Inseparable verbs mandate that the object follows after the particle.

Phrasal verb: 'call off'

To cancel a planned event or activity.

Phrasal verb: 'put off'

To postpone or delay an activity to a later time.

Phrasal verb: 'look into'

To investigate, research, or examine the facts of an issue.

Phrasal verb: 'carry out'

To perform, conduct, or execute an experiment, instruction, or task.

Phrasal verb: 'bring up'

To introduce or mention a topic in discussion, or to raise a child.

Phrasal verb: 'turn down'

To refuse or reject an offer, request, or proposal.