Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A sudden decrease in kidney function, causing waste and fluid accumulation.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A progressive and usually irreversible loss of kidney function lasting over time.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation and damage of the glomeruli, affecting kidney filtration.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A condition where the kidneys lose large amounts of protein through urine.

Renal Calculi

Stones that form from crystals and minerals in the urinary tract.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection of any part of the urinary system, commonly affecting the bladder.

Pyelonephritis

Infection of the kidney, usually caused by an ascending bacterial infection from the bladder.

CKD-MBD

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, where failing kidneys disrupt the balance of minerals and hormones in the body.

Disequilibrium Syndrome

A neurologic complication during or after dialysis caused by the rapid removal of urea, leading to fluid shifts into the brain and cerebral edema.

First Use Syndrome

A hypersensitivity reaction associated with the first use of certain dialysis membranes or sterilizing agents such as ethylene oxide.

Hydronephrosis

Swelling or dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by urine obstruction.

Anemia of CKD

Anemia associated with long-term kidney dysfunction, primarily caused by decreased erythropoietin production.

Hyponatremia