East Asia A general dabbling in historical Chinese and Japanese architecture

Chinese and Japanese Architecture commonalities:

• ___ Structural Frame

• Rigorous use of a ___ of construction

• Gently ___ roofs with large overhangs

• Roofs often hip-and-___ roof

• Large roofs

• ___ (tiered towers)

• Freestanding ___ to mark the entrance to special places

Wooden, module, curved, gable, Pagodas, gateways

For traditional Chinese Architecture the use of unit , or modular system in plan, called ___.

jian

___ (___) = a structural element of interlocking wooden brackets, one of the most important

elements in traditional Chinese architecture.

The use of dougong first appeared in building

Dougong, cap and block

For Dougong, the pieces are fitted together by ___ alone without glue or fasteners, due to the precision and quality of the carpentry.

joinery

___ ___ ___sets became more ornamental than structural when used in palatial

structures and important religious buildings,

brackets and bracket

A ___ is an Asian tiered tower with multiple eaves.

pagoda

Oldest and tallest all-wood pagoda in the world

Yingxian wooden pagoda

Designed to communicate imperial Chinese power

The Forbidden City

Chinese courtyard house

There are basically 3 sections of a single module.

1. ___

2. The House proper

3. The Kitchen and back of house

Main Gate and the worker's quarters

Chinese courtyard house

There are basically 3 sections of a single module.

1. Main Gate and the worker's quarters

2. ___

3. The Kitchen and back of house

The House proper

Chinese courtyard house

There are basically 3 sections of a single module.

1. Main Gate and the worker's quarters

2. The House proper

3. ___

The Kitchen and back of house

Chinese courtyard house

The ___ house is introspective relative to its

surroundings.

Chinese

Chinese courtyard house

___ = a traditional Japanese gate

most commonly found at the

entrance of or within a Shinto

shrine, where it symbolically marks

the transition from the mundane to

the sacred. (minimalist)

Torii

___ = a traditional Chinese gate structure,

historically erected to honor virtuous people,

mark neighborhood boundaries, or serve as

grand entrances to temples, tombs, and

gardens. (highly ornamented)

Paifang

Universal features found in the architecture of Japan and other asia countries:

• Always ___ in various forms (planks, straw, tree bark, paper, etc.) for almost all structures.

• The general structure is almost always the same: ____support a large and gently ___roof.

• The walls are ___, often movable and never load-

bearing.

• Sliding doors and other traditional partitions were used in

place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space

to be ___ for different occasions.

• ___ curves are gentler than in China.

wood, posts and lintels, curved, paper-thin, customized, Gable and eave

In Japanese architecture, roof is supported by complex bracket systems called ___. (___ in Chinese architecture)

tokyo, dougong

The ___ is a traditional Japanese unit of length, equal to six Japanese feet, or one tatami length

ken

Hōryū-ji Temple and Pagoda

Great Buddha Hall

An understanding of the natural world as a source of spiritual insight is a …

Pervasive characteristic of Japanese architecture

Union with the natural was also an element of ___ architecture. Architecture seemed to conform to nature.

Japanese

The symmetry of ___ temple plans gave way to asymmetrical layouts that followed the specific contours of hilly and mountainous topography. The borders existing between structures and the natural world were deliberately obscure. Elements such as long verandas and multiple sliding panels offered constant vistas on nature—although the nature was often carefully arranged and fabricated rather than wild and real.

Chinese-style

"dry landscape" garden, often called a

___, creates a miniature stylized

landscape through carefully composed

arrangements of rocks, water features,

moss, pruned trees and bushes, and

uses gravel or sand that is raked to

represent ripples in water.

zen garden

A ___ is a rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanese

houses.(half a square ken)

tatami

The standardized size of the ___ has created an important modular unit in the development of Japanese

architecture

tatami

Irregular plan that takes advantage of the landscape contours and views (extroverted to landscape)

Tatami as ___ of rooms

modulator

___ divisions are fluid, and

room size can be modified through

the use of screens or movable paper

walls. (Japanese Arch)

Inner space

___ = sliding outer partition doors and windows made of a latticework wooden frame and covered with a tough, translucent white paper. When closed, they softly diffuse light throughout the house

Shoji

___ = Vertical rectangular

panels which can slide from side to

side to redefine spaces within a

room, or act as doors.

Fusuma

Historically, ___ were painted, often with scenes

from nature such as mountains, forests or animals

fusuma

Fusuma consist of a lattice-like

___understructure covered in cardboard and a

layer of paper or cloth on both sides. They typically

have a black lacquer border and a round finger catch.

wooden