Translation

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Part of ribosome structure, involved in decoding mRNA during translation.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Carries amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons during protein synthesis.

Translation

Process where nucleotide sequence in mRNA is converted into amino acid sequence.

Codon

Three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Wobble hypothesis

First two nucleotide positions of a codon bind normally, the third position is less constrained.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures composed of rRNA and proteins, decode mRNA into proteins during translation.

A site

Ribosomal site where incoming aminoacyl-tRNA binds during protein synthesis.

P site

Ribosomal site where the growing polypeptide chain is located during translation.

E site

Ribosomal site where the empty tRNA exits after transferring its amino acid during translation.