Patho Exam 3

Intrarenal

A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Staphylococcus areus

Bullous impetigo is caused by a strain of:

Calcium

While planning care for a patient with muscle problems, which information should the nurse remember? _____ ions directly control the contraction of muscles.

collagen

A 23-year-old male received a knife wound in a fight. His scar was sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging. This condition is caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.

creatine kinase (CK)

A 22-year-old female has a brother with DMD and wants to know if her children will inherit it. A fairly accurate test to identify female carriers of the disease is measurement of serum levels of:

Retinoblastoma

In reviewing the history of the patient with osteosarcoma, the nurse might also expect the patient to have:

is immunosuppressed

A 27-year-old male lung transplant patient developed KS. He tells the nurse he thought only people with AIDS developed this type of cancer. The nurse knows that the cause of this patient's KS is most likely related to the fact that the patient:

histamine

A 10-year-old male is given penicillin for an infection. He has an allergic reaction, during which he develops urticarial lesions. These lesions are mediated by the release of:

Inadequate production of erythropoietin

Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

adolescents

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:

the student nurse examines the throat for redness

A 5-year-old male presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Which of the following behaviors by the student nurse would be a cause for concern?

Irritant receptors in the nostrils

After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop sneezing. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for his sneezing?

Primary enuresis

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

troponin-tropomyosin

A patient has researched muscles on the internet. Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? The molecule that prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest is:

an autoimmune disease

Researchers now believe that RA is:

synovial membrane

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with RA. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:

Mycoplasma pneumonia

An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough. She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

postrenal

A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of renal failure should the nurse monitor for as it is the most likely to occur?

clinical severity

A nurse recalls asthma is classified by:

Acute glomerulonephritis

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:

Pneumonia

A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication?

Erythropoietin

A patient has searched the Internet for hormones. The patient has a good understanding when she knows that the hormone _____ is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells.

thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow

A 45-year-old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. The nurse knows oliguria is related to:

hypodermis??

Fat cells are located in the:

Osteogenic, most often develops in the bone marrow

A 13-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of an osteosarcoma in her left distal femur. Which statement best describes osteosarcoma?

during hospitalization

When the nurse observes a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia, the patient generally acquires this pneumonia:

gomphosis

Which statement indicates the nurse has a good understanding of joints? The joints between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible are examples of a:

myofibril

When a staff member asks the nurse about the contractile unit of a muscle, how should the nurse reply? The contractile unit of a muscle cell is called the:

hip

LCP disease affects which of the following joints?

18.76 ml O2 per 100 ml blood

If a patient's hemoglobin concentration (Hb) is 14 g/100 ml and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is 98%, what would be his arterial oxygen content? Remember that 1.34 ml O2 is the maximum amount of oxygen that can be transported per gram of hemoglobin. Hint: O2 content = (1.34 ´ Hb) SaO2

alveoli

Students in a histology class are assigned to identify regions of the lung. The slide shows a basement membrane, capillary lumen, and macrophages. The students are looking at the:

virus

A 6-year-old male presents with slightly umbilicated, dome-shaped lesions on the skin of the trunk, face, and extremities. He is diagnosed with molluscum contagiosum caused by a highly contagious:

bone fractures

Children with OI suffer from frequent:

apocrine

Of the sweat glands, the _____ glands are most abundant in the axillae and genital areas.

inadequate production of erythropoietin

A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:

mucosal edema

While planning care, a nurse recalls respiratory distress and hypoxemia in laryngotracheobronchitis are caused by:

J receptors

The pulmonologist talks about the receptors that respond to increased pulmonary capillary pressure. What term will indicate the nurse understands? They are called:

Production of antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane

A 25-year-old male was diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome. While planning care for this patient, which of the following mechanisms would cause tissue injury?

renal stones??

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. He is at risk for developing:

Frequent respiratory infections

A 5-month-old female is found dead in her crib. The coroner ruled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as the cause of death. Which of the following risk factors is most likely associated with SIDS?

Type II alveolar cells

A newborn is in respiratory distress and requires ventilation. Tests reveal that he does not produce surfactant due to the absence of:

Candida Albicans

A 4-month-old female develops white spots and shallow ulcers in her mouth. Her pediatrician diagnoses her with thrush. This condition is caused by:

uric acid

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.

organization of structural elements

Which information indicates the nursing student has a good understanding between compact bone and spongy bone? The major difference between compact bone and spongy bone is the:

Staphylococcus areus

A 70-year-old male presents with back pain, fever, and weight loss. He reports that he had a recent respiratory infection from which he thought he recovered. Tests revealed increased white blood cell count, and a diagnosis of endogenous osteomyelitis was made. The primary organism causing this condition is:

72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?

aniridia

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

hardening

When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?

increased capillary permeability???

A 30-year-old male firefighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department. Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?

total body surface area burned?

In burn injury patients, the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:

left heart failure

A nurse is teaching staff about pulmonary edema. Which information should the nurse include? The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

shunting

A nurse remembers a low ventilation-perfusion ratio results in:

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

sacroiliac? ?

A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The first joint to be affected would be the:

dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

Hip dysplasia

While performing an assessment of a 2-month-old, the nurse notes a positive Ortolani click. The nurse would suspect the child has:

Larger

While auscultating a patient's lungs, a nurse recalls the alveoli in the apexes of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.

Formation of renal calculi.

A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?

proximal tubule

When teaching about sodium reabsorption, which information should the nurse include? The majority of sodium reabsorption takes place in the:

compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney

A 27-year-old male has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

prolonged expirations

While planning care for a child with asthma, which of the following is characteristic of asthma?

Inadequate bone mineralization

An 80-year-old male presents with skeletal pain and tenderness, especially in the hips. He is diagnosed with osteomalacia caused by:

X linked recessive

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has a(n) _____ inheritance pattern.

unknown at present

The cause of Paget disease is:

patellar tendon

Osgood-Schlatter disease causes inflammation of the:

Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

tinea corporis

The nurse would correctly identify the medical term for ringworm as:

fungus

A 3-year-old male develops tinea capitis after playing with the family dog. This infection is caused by a:

Empyema

An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and develops a fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart?

Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries

While reviewing urine lab results, the nurse remembers the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the:

calcium and phosphate

A clinician is preparing to discuss hydroxyapatite. Which information should be included? Hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix contains which of the following molecules in its crystalline structure?

corpuscle

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

eosinophils

A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation. When reviewing the lab results, which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated?

creatine kinase (CK)

An important and useful clinical measure in the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is measurement of which laboratory value?

other health problems

A nurse assesses a patient with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) for:

pathologic bone fractures

A 76-year-old female was diagnosed with osteoporosis by radiologic exam. She is at high risk for:

flank pain

A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

metaphyses

A 16-year-old male was recently diagnosed with osteosarcoma. The tumor is most likely present in the _____ of long bones.

autoimmunity

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to:

macula densa

When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use?

sprain

A 12-year-old female hurts her ankle while playing basketball. Tests reveal that she tore a ligament. This condition is known as a:

immunoglobulin E (IgE)

A 4-month-old male is brought to his primary care provider for severe itching and skin lesions. He is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Which of the following would be elevated in this patient?

brain stem

A 42-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he suffered a severe head injury. He died shortly after the accident from loss of respiration. The nurse suspects the area of the brain most likely involved is the:

the muscle resists fatigue

An isolated muscle is believed to be a type 1 fiber. Which of the following should be observed by the nurse when the muscle is stimulated?

fatigue

A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after beginning, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as a what type of fracture?

transudative

A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as:

glycoprotein

Which information indicates the nurse understands osteocalcin? Osteocalcin is a:

vital capacity (VC)

While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:

metaphysis

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about bones. Which information should the nurse include? After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and _____ merge.

group A B-hemolytic streptococcus

A 15-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis. Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?

ribs and sternum

When a staff member asks where costal cartilage is located, how should the nurse respond? Between the:

viral or bacterial infections

A patient asks what causes pneumonia. How should the nurse reply? Pneumonia is caused by:

proteinuria

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

sebaceous follicles

Acne vulgaris involves inflammation of the:

are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth

A nurse is preparing to teach about renal agenesis. Which information should the nurse include? Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

hemoptysis

A 28-year-old male reports to his primary care provider that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

Age related loss in skeletal muscle

When the nurse is using the term "sarcopenia," what is the nurse describing? It is the:

vasospasm in the extremities

In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon, which is manifested by:

Decreasing surface tension in alveoli

An aide asks a nurse how surfactant works. How should the nurse respond? Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:

respiratory tract

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the: