Unit 4 Test Review: Geological Processes and Canadian Geography

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Unit 4 Test Review, including plate tectonics, rock types, Canadian landform regions, human activities, and climate factors.

What happens at subduction zones during tectonic plate movements?

One plate slides under another, leading to volcanic activity.

What occurs when tectonic plates diverge?

Plates move apart, and magma rises and cools to form new crust.

What geological features can result from converging tectonic plates?

Mountain formation (such as the Rockies) or volcanic activity.

How are fault lines created?

They are created when plates grind past each other.

How do igneous rocks form, and what is an example of one?

They form when magma cools; an example is granite, which is used in countertops.

How do metamorphic rocks form, and what are two examples?

They form under heat and pressure; examples include marble and slate.

How do sedimentary rocks form, and what is an example?

They form by compaction and cementation; an example is limestone.

Which Canadian landforms were shaped by glaciation?

The Great Lakes and the Canadian Shield.

Which Canadian mountain range did plate tectonics contribute to forming?

The Western Cordillera.

What four major factors influence climate according to the lecture notes?

Latitude, elevation, proximity to water, and ocean currents.

Why does Vancouver experience a mild climate?

Due to ocean currents.

Why does Resolute experience a cold climate?

Due to extreme latitude.

Why are the Hudson Bay Lowlands considered poor for agriculture?

Because of waterlogged soils.

Why are the Interior Plains (The Prairies) referred to as the "breadbasket"?

Because of their fertile soils.

What type of vegetation is found in the tundra region?

Sparse vegetation, including mosses and lichens.

Which specific minerals is the Canadian Shield rich in?

Gold and copper.

What primary human economic activity is highlighted for the Appalachian Highlands?

Fishing.

Why are wet-climate soils poor for agriculture?

Because of nutrient leaching.

How does proximity to water influence regional temperatures?

It moderates temperatures, reducing extremes.

What does the mnemonic "MVP" represent when studying plate collisions?

Mountain-Volcano-Plate movement.

How long ago was the precambrian era

The Precambrian Era began approximately 4.6 billion years ago and lasted until about 541 million years ago.

How long ago was the paleozoic era

The Paleozoic Era began approximately 541 million years ago and lasted until about 252 million years ago.

How long ago was the mesozoic era

The Mesozoic Era began approximately 252 million years ago and lasted until about 66 million years ago.

How long ago was the cenozoic era

The Cenozoic Era began approximately 66 million years ago and continues to the present day.

What are the 4 main eras of geological time

The four main eras of geological time are the Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Cenozoic Era, and Precambrian Era.

When did the rocky mountains form (era)

Cenozoic era

when did mammals begin to dominate (era)

Cenozoic Era, following the dinosaur extinction.

When did the continents move to their current positions (era)

The continents moved to their current positions during the Cenozoic Era

when did most oil and gas deposits form

during the Mesozoic era

When did the western cordillera form

Mesozoic era

when did the canadian sheild form

Precambrian era

How are fossil fuels formed

Sediment layered over time contains fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals. These layers also contain coal, oil, and natural gas which humans harvest and use

what is weathering

the breaking up of solid rocks by forces such as water, wind, chemicals or things like roots.

What is erosian

The process of moving pieces of broken rock with water, wind, or ice.

What is deposition

the despositing of these pieces of rock in new locations like beaches.