OTHER BODY FLUID PART 2

SCREENING TEST FOR LEAD POISONING

whole blood for the presence of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin

screening test for porphyrinuria is

ehrlings reaction and fluorescence under ultra violet 550 to 600 nm range

ehrlich reaction for porphyrinuria can only be used for

ALA and porphobilinogen

what is first added before to convert ALA to phophobilinogen before preforming Ehrlich’s reaction

Acetyl acetone

most common cause of fertility is

Varcocele

hardening of veins that drain the testes, ausing blood from the adrenal cein to flow into the spermatic vein

varicocele

____ specimens to be collected no less than ____ or more than ____ apart with ____ abnormal considered significant for fertility testing

2 to 3, 7 days, 3 weeks, 2

seminal fluid

60-70%

prostate fluid

20-30%

sperm maturation takes how many days

90 days

part where sperm mature and develop flagella

epididymis

fluids contains high concentration of fructose and flavin

seminal fluid

CONTAINS ACID PHOSPHATASE, CITIRC ACID, ZINC, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME

Prostate gland

RESPONSIBLE For both the coagulation and liquefaction of semen

Prostate gland

causes semen to coagulate

semenogelin

helps to neutralize acidity from the prostate secretions and the vagina

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

ductus deferens

spermatogenesis

seminiferous tubules of testes

sperm for fertility testing is stored at

room temp and delivered within 1 hour

sperm for post vasectomy can be placed in a

condom, where time and temperature is not critical

sexual abstinence for

2days but not more than 7 days

prolonged abstinence causes

sperm to have increase count but decreased motility

specimens awaiting for analysis is kept in

37C

Room temp

fresh sperm specimen is collected and should liquefy

within 30 to 60 mins after collections

if after 2 hours the sperm has not liquified, an equal volume of

Physiologic Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline or proteolytic enzymes such as Alpha chymotrypsin or Bromelain may be added to induce liquefaction

sperm motility can be evaluated at

room temp or 37C

When assessing sperm at 37 C, the sample should be

incubated at this temp and preparation made with prewarmed slides and cover slips

normal appearance of specimen

gray, white translucent

increased white turbidity

possible infection

yellow coloration in sperm

urine contamination

specimen collection following prolong abstinence

medications

normal volume of sperm

2 to 5 ml

if first portions of ejeculate is not included

sperm count will decrease

ph falsely increased

specimen will not liquefy

If last portion ia not added

semen volume is decreased

sperm count is falsely increase

ph is falsely decreased

specimen will not clot9

Oxidase positive, urease negative:

A. B. pertussis

B. B. parapertussis

C. B. bronchiseptica

D. None of these

A. B. pertussis

Oxidase and urease positive:

A. B. pertussis

B. B. parapertussis

C. B. bronchiseptica

D. None of these

C. B. bronchiseptica

Oxidase negative, urease positive:

A. B. pertussis

B. B. parapertussis

C. B. bronchiseptica

D. None of these

B. B. parapertussis

1. Specimens from patients receiving treatment for urinary tract infections frequently appear:

A. Clear and red

B. Viscous and orange

C. Dilute and pale yellow

D. Cloudy and red

B. Viscous and orange

droplets that form threads that 2 cm are considered

highly viscous and abnormal

ratings of sperm viscosity

ratings 0 (watery) to 4 (gel like)

or

low, normal, high

sperm concentration reference values

how about considered border line?

20M to 250M sperms/mL

concentration between 10M and 20M/mL

IN MAKLER COUNTING CHAMBER, counting specimens, immbolized sperm using __

undiluted specimens, heating

diluting fluid for sperm contains

sodium bicarbonate and formalin

other: saline and distilled water

sperm can then be estimated after evaluating approximately

20 HPF, or 200 sperms per slide

normal minimum motility

50% with a rating of 2.0 after 1 hour is considered normal

casa

computer assisted semen analysis

CASA include what parameters

4 parameters

VT COM

Velocity

Trajectory

Concentration

Moprhology

normal sperm head

oval shaped, 5 um long and 3 um wide

flagellar tail

approximately 45 um long

acrosomal cap encompass ____ of the head

covers ____ of the nucleus

1/2, 2/3

sperm morphology is analyzed through what objectives

OIO

STAINING FOR SPERM MORPHOLOGY

WRIGHTS

GIEMSA

SHORR

PAPANICOLAOU

KRUGER’S STRICT CRITERIA

head, neck, tail size

acrosome size

evaluating for the presence of vacuoles

Kruger’s strict criteria require a

micrometer or morphometry

normal volume of sperm

2-5 ml

ph of sperm

7.2-8.0

normal sperm count

>40 million/ejaculate

normal sperm concentration

>20 million/ml

motility of sperm normal

>50% within 1 hour

quality of sperm

>2.0 or a, b, c

normal morphology for routine criteria

strict criteria

routine >30% normal forms

strict >14% normal forms

normal value for round cells

>1 million/ml

test for sperms with decreased motility with normal count

sperm viability/vitality

mixing the specimen with an eosin nigrosin stain, preparing a smear, and counting the number of dead cells in 100 sperm using bright field or phase contrast microscope

modified bloom’s test

low sperm concentration

seminal fluid fructose

screening for the presence of fructose

resORcinol test = orange

normal quantitative level of fructose in sperm

≥13 umol/ejaculate

sperm fructose should be treated

within 2 hours or FROZEN to prevent fructolysis

antisperm antibodies is detected in

semen, cervical mucosa, or serum

detects presence of IgG in sperm

a. mixed agglutination test

b. immunobead test

a. mixed agglutination reaction

<10% normal

detects presence of IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies and will demonstrate what area of the sperm the autoantibodies are affecting

a. mixed agglutination test

b. immunobead test

b. immunobead test <50%

presence of beads on less than 50% of the sperm

normal immunobead test

sperm chemical testing for fructose

seminal fluid

sperm chemical testing for neural alpha - glucosidase

epidydimis

chemical testing for prostate

zinc

citric acid

acp

presence of how many leukocytes indicates presence of infection

1 million leukocytes/millimeter

in post vasectomy, negative wet preparation is followed by

specimen centrifugation for 10 minutes and examination of the sediment

In medico legal, sperm is microscopically examined, obtained by enhancing the specimen with

XYLENE under PHASE MICSROSCOPY

test for medicolegal

florence test

test for choline

barbiero’s test

test for spermine

present even in the absence of sperm

seminal glycoprotein p30 (PSA)

NORMAL FLUID OF ADULT KNEE CAVITY

<3.5 ml

ground pepper synovial fluid

metabolic disorder (ochronosis)

very vicious synovial fluid may need to be pretreated with

adding one drop of 0.05

fragments of degenerating proliferative synovial cells or microinfarcted synovium

free floating rice bodies

diluting fluid for synovial fluid

NORMAL SALINE

diluting fluid for synovial fluid to lyse rbc

hypotonic saline (0.3%), saline that contains saponin

NORMAL highest cells in synovial fluid

65%

NORMAL RBC in synovial fluid

<2000 cells/ul

NORMAL WBC in synovial fluid

<200 cells/ul

neutrophil containing ingested round body

LE cell

Vacuolated macrophage with ingested neutrophils

reiter cell

neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing immune complexes

RA Cell

large MULTINUCLEATED cell

Cartilage cells

normal synovial fluid should not be more than

>10 mg/dL lower than the blood value

Most frequently requested for synovial fluid

glucose

increased with septic arthritis

lactic acid

useful method for rapid diagnosis of bacterial synovitis

D-lactate levels

monitor the severity prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis

fluid lactate ond acid phosphatase level of synovial fluid

normal synovial fluid contains

< 3 g/dl

Synovial Fluid is ____ blood uric acid

EQUAL