ch 18 acid and bases

which fluid compartment holds more fluid?

intracelluar fluid

why is water balance important

so cells dont crenate or lyse

how does water leave the body

urine sweat feces exhaled air

how does water enter the body

beverages food metabolism

what regulatory functions gets water into the system

thirst mechanism and osmoreceptors

what regulatory function gets water out the system

osmoreceptors and ADH

where do sources of h+ come from?

think stuff that ends with acid (sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, lactic acid)
aerobic respiration of glucose, anaerobic respiration of glucose

whats the normal blood ph? what are the terms for when it is below or above this number?

7.4. alkalosis (above) acidosis (below)

whats a buffer

chemical that helps maintain certain pH

what is respiratory acidosis? what are the symptoms

build up of carbonic acid. decreased rate/depth of breathing, air passage obstruction, decreased gas exchange

what is respiratory alkalosis? how does it happen?

exhalation of too much carbonic acid (decrease in h+ concentration). anxiety, fever, poisoning can lead to hyperventilation.

what is metabolic acidosis? how does each happen?

gain of acid (kidney failure, diabetes causing excessive acidic ketones) loss of bases (prolonged diarrhea and vomiting)

what is metabolic alkalosis? how does each happen?

loss of acid (vomiting, gastric drainage, diuretics) gain of bases (excess antacid ingestion)

what is the chemical buffer system known as? whats involved

1st line of defense. bicarbonate, phosphate and protein buffer system

what is the respiratory center known as?

lungs & 2nd line of defense. breathing rate/depth inc/dec to control co2 amount in blood

what are the kidneys know as? what is involved??

2nd line of defense. bicarbonate and h+ ions excreted/secreted to maintain pH