Intro to path: Respiratory System

where does oxygen exchange occur

alveoli

what does the trachea bifurcate into

left and right mainstem bronchi

what does the mainsten bronchi seperate into

smaller bronchi

what are the hairlike projections in the mucous membranes called

cilia

oxygen goes from the aveoli and into what?

blood capilaries

where does the oxygen that goes into the blood capilaries end up on

hemoglobin on the rbc

an increase in what molecule in the blood will increase the rate and depth of breathing

carbon dioxide

pulmonary circulation has high/low pressure and high/low resistance

low pressure, low resistence

what does the pulmonary circulation do

let oxygen enter and carbon dioxide exit

bronchial circulation has high/low pressure

high

what does the bronchial circulation do

provide the oxygenated blood to the lung tissue

which layer is the inner layer of the lungs

visceral

what layer is the outer layer of the lungs that line the chest walls

parietal

what is the space between the two layers of the pleura

pleural space

what does the pleural space contain

fluid for lubrication as the lungs expand and contract

loaction of ET tube

5-7cm above carina

location of PICC line

superior vena cava

location of larger CVP catheters

internal jugular vein

location of swan ganz

within R/L pulmonary artery

location of transvenous cardiac pacemaker

tip at apex of right ventricle

what is the purpose of the ET tube

to go in the trachea and maintain an air-way

where can you insert the central venous catheters

subclavian vein or a vein on the upper extremity

what is the central venous catheter used for

medicine, blood test, measure central venous pressue

if a central venous catheter is not place correctly where can it be foung

internal jugular vein

what does PICC stand for

peripherally inserted central catheter

what veins can the PICC line be inserted

basilic, cephalic, brachial

what does the swan ganz catheter do

measure heart function and blood flow

what can the swan ganz catheter help diagnose

cardiac tamponade, pulmonary hypertension, restrictive cardiomyopathy

what is cardiac tamponade

pressure in the heart due to blood or fluid buildup between the myocardium and pericardium

what is pulmonary hypertension

high blood pressure in lung arteries

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy

changes in heart muscle function

where is the swans-ganz catheter usually inserted

right internal vein, left subclavian, femoral vein

what do pacemakers do

maintain cardiac rhythm

how should we adjust kVp for pacemakers

overexpose

pneumococcal pneumonia is what type of pnemonia

interstitial or air-space pnemonia

which pneumonia is most common and is caused by viral and myocoplasmal infcetion

interstitial or pneumococcal pneumonia

what do treatments for all pneumonia include

antibiotics, rest, hydration and deep-breathing exercises