Data and Variables

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to data and variables as discussed in the lecture.

Population

The entire collection of individuals of interest.

Sample

A subset of the population selected for study.

Parameter

A numerical summary that describes a characteristic of the population.

Statistic

A numerical summary that describes a characteristic of the sample.

Mean

A common statistic represented by 𝑦! and a parameter represented by 𝜇.

Standard Deviation

A statistic represented by s and a parameter represented by 𝜎.

Correlation

A statistic represented by r and a parameter represented by 𝜌.

Regression coefficient

A statistic represented by b and a parameter represented by 𝛽.

Proportion

A statistic represented by 𝑝̂ and a parameter represented by 𝑝.

Descriptive statistics

Statistics that summarize or describe characteristics of a data set.

Inferential statistics

Statistics that draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.

Variable

A characteristic recorded about each individual.

Categorical Variable

A variable that places a subject into one of several groups or categories.

Numerical Variable

A variable that measures a numerical quantity or amount.

Discrete Variable

A numerical variable that can only take distinct values.

Continuous Variable

A numerical variable that can take on any value in a given interval.

Identifier Variable

A variable used to uniquely identify an individual in a study.