Maternal review

Moro reflex

Reflex stroke of baby’s face causing arms to extend.

Grasp reflex

Reflex where baby will grasp an object placed in their hand.

Babinski reflex

Reflex where stroking the baby's foot causes toes to fan out.

Vitamin K and erythromycin ointment

Prevents bleeding and infection in newborns.

APGAR score of 9

Indicates a healthy baby, assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Pathological jaundice

Occurs within 24 hours; physiological jaundice occurs on the 3rd or 4th day.

Phototherapy

Treatment for jaundice in newborns.

Caput succedaneum

Accumulation of blood that crosses the suture line on the baby's head.

Cephalohematoma

Accumulation of blood that does not cross the suture line.

Pathophysiology

C-section babies have a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome than vaginal births.

Order of vital signs for an infant

Respirations, pulse, then temperature.

Acrocyanosis vs Cyanosis

Acrocyanosis is bluish extremities; cyanosis is systemic.

Intervention for acrocyanosis

Swaddle the baby in a blanket.

Signs of hypoglycemia in infants

Blood sugar less than 45, shakiness, jitteriness, lethargy, difficulty feeding.

Fertility

Cervical mucus is thin and stretchy during ovulation.

Infertility

Diagnosed after one year of unsuccessful attempts to conceive; cervical mucus is thick and sticky.

Birth control methods

Include Nexplanon, IUDs, and hormonal pills.

Vasectomy

Male sterilization procedure; not immediately effective.

Discharge instructions for new parents

Baby should sleep on back to prevent SIDS; approved car seat required.

Circumcision care

Apply petroleum jelly with each diaper change; monitor for excessive bleeding.

Hep B positive mother

Infant should receive Hep B vaccine and immunoglobulin.

SGA

Small gestational age; IUGR complications include unstable temperature; skin-to-skin intervention recommended.

Nuva Ring

Birth control method with risk of blood clots and DVT.

Barrier method of birth control

Diaphragm.

Progesterone-only pill

Also known as the mini pill.

Fertility clinic stress

Suggest a support group for couples struggling with infertility.

Nursery baby priority

Abnormal breathing rate of 80; normal is 30-50.

Breastfeeding positions

Football and cradle hold.

Cradle position

Ensures alignment of ears, shoulders, and hips for breastfeeding.

Infant hunger cues

Sucking, muzzling, and crying.

First infertility test

Semen analysis to check sperm count.

Depo-Provera

Hormonal birth control that can decrease bone density; max use of 5 years.

Newborn skin conditions

Erythema toxicum, Mongolian spots, milia.

APGAR components

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiratory effort.

Phototherapy care

Eyes covered, baby wears only a diaper.

Umbilical cord stump care

Keep it dry and monitor for infection.

Dosage weight calculation

Important for medication administration.

Hep B vaccine site

Administered intramuscularly in the vastus lateralis.

Bloody stool in newborn

Indicates meconium.

Signs of respiratory distress syndrome

Fast breathing, grunting, nasal flaring, cyanosis.

Dosage weight calculation

Convert pounds to kilograms, rounding to the nearest hundredth.

Diaphragm education

Must remain in place for 6 hours after intercourse.

Umbilical cord care

Avoid submerging in water until stump falls off.

Self-breast examination

Check for lumps and dimpling; perform after menstruation.

Endometriosis

Condition where tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain and infertility.

Menopause

Cessation of menstruation, characterized by hot flashes and decreased estrogen.

Precursor for cervical cancer

Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

First meconium passage

Should occur within the first 24 hours after birth.

Rhogam administration

Given at 28 weeks gestation and within 72 hours after birth.

Characteristics of Down syndrome

Single palm line, slanted eyes, round face, small head.

Risks of oral contraceptives

Potential for shortness of breath and blood clots.

Preventing HIV

Use condoms, get tested, and practice abstinence.

Emergency oral contraceptive

Plan B

Educate patient unprotective sex

72 hours to take plan b

How long to wear a diaphragm after having sex:

6 Hours

Example of Evaporation of heat loss in a baby

dry baby and do skin-to-skin

Radiation

transfer of heat between two objects that are not in direct contact with each other. Double-walled incubators, infant heat shields, and radiant heaters over the incubator can decrease radiant heat loss

Convection

occurs as heat is transferred from an object to the surrounding air. Because the infant’s face and head are especially sensitive to cool air, only warmed, humidified oxygen should be used

Conduction

the transfer of heat from one object to another by direct contact. Place infant on a surface that has been pre-warmed

Evaporation

losses occur as moisture from body surfaces is lost to the environment. At the time of delivery, the infant should be dried immediately to prevent rapid heat loss.

Formula feeding

warm formula in a warmer, leave out for an hour.

Concerns for baby receiving phototherapy:

assess and look for signs of dehydration and skin integrity

Infant withdrawal from drugs

excessive crying (shrill cry – high pitched), hyper reflexive, tremors

Moro reflex

baby’s arms extending, c-shape with thumb and index finger

Surfactant

prevent alveolar collapse in lungs, promote lung maturity. Give to preterm labor

Endometriosis

pain in abdomen and pelvis, infertility, dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding

Condom use

Different types of contraceptive methods to prevent STI’s

Prophylactic

Prevention

FAS

fetal alcohol syndrome: smaller, small head (microcephaly)

Risk factors for infertility

STI, endometriosis, smoking, obesity

Hydrocephalus

build-up of fluid in the brain resulting to a big head