Organizational Culture, Labor in Sport, and Cognitive Biases Exam Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering organizational culture, labor law in sport, and cognitive biases in decision-making based on lecture exam review notes.

Organizational Culture (Edgar Schein)

A pattern of shared assumptions learned through solving problems and taught to new members.

Psychological Safety

A shared belief that it is safe to take risks, speak up, and make mistakes without fear of punishment, encouraged by involving team members in decisions.

Rituals and Stories

Cultural elements and practices that help maintain organizational culture.

Colyer (2000)

A study or recommendation stating that organizations should be balanced between all four cultural quadrants.

Supportive Climate

An organizational environment that can eventually influence organizational culture.

"Student-Athlete"

A term originally created to shield universities from workers' compensation liability.

Walter Byers

The individual who coined the term "student-athlete."

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

Federal legislation granting workers the legal right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.

FLSA Exemption Tests

The three Department of Labor tests used to determine FLSA exemption status: the Salary Level Test, Salary Basis Test, and Job Duties Test.

Non-Exempt Employees

Employees covered under the FLSA who must receive $1.5\times$ regular pay for hours worked over 40 in a week.

Executive Exemption

The FLSA exemption category most likely to apply to an Athletic Director.

Northwestern Football Case

A labor case in which college football players sought medical care, concussion protocols, and academic guarantees.

501(c)(3) Organizations

The tax-exempt classification category frequently held by college athletic departments.

Unpaid Internships

Work opportunities in sport management that can create socioeconomic barriers.

Emotional Labor

A concept identified and discussed as a significant issue within sport organizations.

Confirmation Bias

A cognitive bias involving seeking information that confirms existing beliefs rather than seeking contradictory evidence.

Sunk Cost Effect

A decision-making bias that occurs when people continue investing in a failing course of action because of previous investments.

Anchoring Bias

A cognitive bias where decision-makers place too much weight on the first piece of information received.

Framing Bias

A cognitive phenomenon where individuals react differently depending on how information is presented, often becoming more risk-seeking when a situation is presented as a loss.

Devil's Advocacy

A critical evaluation technique that can help protect decision-makers and teams against cognitive biases.

Darwin's "Two Notebooks" Strategy

A practical strategy designed specifically to reduce confirmation bias.