The French Revolution study guide section 2

What two reasons deep in the desire for the French for reform

Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution

Three ways in which Great Britain was different from France prior to the French revolution

The feudal system was outlawed in Britain in 1660. The people are allowed to elect representatives to Parliament and their local governments. The English have some control over how they are taxed through their representative bodies and parliament.

How was the American Revolution in the French revolution different?

The American Revolution was fought to preserve liberties. They already had the French were fighting to Rights and liberties. The Americans also already knew how to govern themselves. They had been doing so far over 150 years. The French people had no idea how to run a government and they would constantly change it for the next hundred years or so.

First estate

Clergy

Very wealthy

Owned a lot of land

Exempted from all taxes paid

Second estate

Nobility

A Privileged class

Also exempt from most taxes

Third estate

98% of the population

Largest group overall in France

Made up of three distinct groups: Top group is doctors, lawyers and businessman, middle group as workers and towns and cities. Last group is peasants.

Peasants made up 80% and pays more of the taxes to the crown. They were extremely poor.

The feudal obligations that peasants had to fulfill

Paid an annual fee to the noble who owned the land on which they worked

Pay a fee to the former owner when the land changed hands

Pain an annual fee for the use of mills, wine, presses, etc., even if they didn’t use them

Performed the corvee-Forced labor for the government

Respect the nobles, hunting rights. The Nobles could hunt, but the peasants couldn’t even if pets were Ruining their crops.

List the reasons why Louise XV And Louise XVI We seen his incompetent rule

They were indifferent to the affairs of the government

They focus more on the distractions at Versailles, then on ruining the country

They had a little sense of responsibility

They often pray to their mistresses and screaming nobles at court

What else made Louise XVI A bad ruler

He was extremely indecisive and was easily persuaded by the last voice he heard

what was the name of Louise XVIs Wife, what was her nickname?

Marie Antoinette, Madame deficit

List why Louise XVI Was economically irresponsible

The peasants paid the most in taxes and they didn’t make much to begin with

Tax money was spent recklessly

The French government was essentially Louise XV entered into the seven years war, which the French lost, They lost all American territory and most trading territories to the British

Hope the Americans fight for their independence, but didn’t have a budget

Private banks quit lending money

Who do the Nobles claimer the only ones who could change the tax Laws

The estates general

Louise XVI called the estate general into a session and invited each state to bring a list of grievances what were the grievances called?

Cahiers

Who led the third estate on writing their cahiers

The middle class

What’s the ideas the third estate included in their cahiers

Demanding a written constitution

Equal taxation And justice

Abolition of the remnants of feudalism

What was the only grievance that the first and second estate agreed with the third state on?

They also wanted a written constitution

Why was there a controversy over voting when The estate general met at Versailles

The king announced that the estates got one vote and the third estate wanted each representative present to have one vote

What did the third state start calling themselves?

The national assembly

What principle did they name when they began calling themselves the National assembly

Popular sovereignty

What is the definition of popular sovereignty?

The idea that the government is created by in subject to the Will of the people

What did the national assembly vow when they signed the tennis court oath?

They will not disband until a written constitution was established

why did the king order troops to Versailles?

To shut down the national constitution assembly

What is considered the start of the French revolution?

The storming of bastille

How did the peasants in the countryside respond to the storming of bastille

They plunder the Noble’s homes and destroyed Feudal records

What does the great fear referred to?

Uprising in the French countryside

Due to the countryside uprising, what action did the Nobles take?

They renounce their feudal rights and privileges

List two pieces of legislation that the assembly passed

They abolish the feudal system. They adopted the declarations of the rights to man.

What did the declarations of the rights of men include?

It included rights in deemed natural And imprescriptible for all people, the rights included the right to liberty, proper security rights to opinion, including religion and more

Who blocked this piece of legislation from becoming law?

The king

Who led the women to march at Versailles?

A food shortage

What was the King’s response to the women’s March?

He approved the declarations of the rights of men and other legislation he and his family moved to Paris

What was included in the constitution of 1791

put an end to special privileges and limited the King’s power to Constitution gave the people a more equal tax system. A more balanced system of justice gave France. A new governing body called the legislative Assembly

Conservatives

Favored or limited monarchy

Radicals

Wanted a republic without a monarchy

Moderates

Those who were in the middle

Who were the Jacobins

The most radical group during the French revolution

What is the definition of San-culottes

Without breaches; Parish workers

Who joined with Austrian helped invade France

Prussia

What is the Brunswick manifesto?

A statement by the Duke of Brunswick that he would try to restore Louise XVI to the throne and that they would punish anyone who would harm their king

Danton

Let them mob to the palace and killed two of the Kings guards

Responsible for convincing the assembly to write a new constitution starting the national convention

And convince the national Convention to try Louise’s XVI For treason

Was tried and executed because he believed that the reign of terror should end

Robespierre

He was enlightenment lawyer and architect of the Revolution

Led the public safety committee and the reign of terror

Ended up being tried and executed because he claimed there was traitors in the national convention

Marat

An angry journalist who supported the reign of terror

What was the committee of public safety?

A 12 man committee that was appointed to take over daily government affairs

What was the purpose of the reign of terror ?

Suppress all opposition to the revolution

Who is Charlotte Corday?

An assassin who killed Marat to bring peace to her country

What is a coalition?

A temporary alliance of nations

What degree did the committee issue in 1793. What did It call the people to do

Levee em masse

A nation calling upon all the citizens to take an active part in the war effort; first employed during the French Revolution