Software 34 exam

What is a Gantt Chart?

A Gantt chart is a project management tool that shows the tasks that needs to be completed and how long each task will take.

What is Beta testing?

Beta testing is when a nearly finished software product is tested by real users outside the development team to identify bugs and collect feedback.

What is a non-functional requirement?

A non-functional requirement describes how well a software system must work, rather than what the system must do.

What is a data dictionary?

A data dictionary is a document that describes the data used in a system including each data item’s name, data type, purpose and properties.

What is a record(data structures)?

A record is a collection of related fields about one item or person.

What is one dimensional array(data structure)?

A one-dimensional array stores multiple values in a single list.

What is a two dimensional array(Data structure)?

A two dimensional array stores values in rows and columns like a table.

What is a boolean array(data structure)?

A boolean array stores multiple boolean values(True or False) in an array.

What is a CSV file?

A CSV file is a file that stores data in a table format, with values separated by commas, which can be opened in spreadsheets like excel.

What is principle of abstraction(OOP)?

Principle of abstraction is hiding unnecessary details and showing only the essential information needed to use or understand a system.

What is principle of Inheritance(OOP)?

Inheritance in OOP is when a subclass inherits attributes and methods from a superclass, allowing code to be reused.

What is principle of Encapsulation(OOP)?

Principle Of Encapsulation is bundling data and methods inside a class and restricting access to data.

What is Principle of Polymorphism(OOP)?

Principle of Polymorphism is when the same methods or interface behaving differently in different classes.

What is generalisation(OOP)?

Generalisation is combining classes with similar attributes and methods into a more general superclass to reduce code duplication.

What is the difference between inheritance and generalisation?

Generalisation moves common features up into a superclass while inheritance allows subclass to receive features from a superclass.

What is class(OOP)?

A class is a blueprint for creating objects

What is object(OOP)?

An object created from a class.

What is specialisation(OOP)?

Specialisation creates a more specific subclass from a general superclass.

What is association(OOP)?

Association represents a relationship between two classes.

What is composition(OOP)?

Composition is a strong whole-part relationship where parts depend on the whole for their lifecycle

What is OOP Stand for?

Object Oriented Programming

What is type testing(Validation Technique)?

Type-Testing checks the data type is correct.

What is range testing(Validation Technique)?

Range testing checks a value is within an allowed range

What is Existence Testing(Validation Technique)?

Existence testing checks required data has been entered

What is logical testing(validation techniques)?

Logical testing checks data makes sense and follows logical rules.

What is social factors?

Social factors are how software affects people’s interactions, relationships, communication and society.

What is version control in file management?

Tracking changes to files over time so previous version can be accessed or restored if needed.

What is a txt file?

A txt file stores plain text without special formatting or structured data format.

What is a XML file?

A XML file stores structured data using custom tags to identify and describe information.

What is a local variable?

A local variable is a variable declared inside a function or method that can only be accessed within its local scope.

What is a global variable?

A global variable is a variable declared outside functions or methods that can be accessed throughout the program, subect to scope values.

What is a case diagram?

A case diagram shows different cases or scenarios of how a system operates helping developers understood its functionality in different situations.

How do case diagrams help in understanding system functionality?

Helps developers understand system functionality by showing how the system behaves in different situations and how it processes data to produce outcomes.

What is a goal?

A goal is a broad statement of what the organisation or system wants to achieve.

What is an objective?

An objective is a specific, measurable result the organisation or system aims to achieve.

What is a milestone?

A milestone is an important point marking the completion of a stage or achievement in a project.

What are some reasons for developing a software solution?

-Improve efficiency and productivity
-Reduce human errors, such as double booking
-Improve data, storage, security and accessibility
-Automate repetitive tasks
-Improve communication and customer service

-Support business growth

What is a functional requirement?

A functional requirement describes what the software must do.

What are four types of contraints?

-Social
-Technical
-Economic
-Legal

What is a social constraint?

Restrictions relating to people, culture or user acceptance.

What is a technical constraint?

Limitations involving technology, hardware, software compatibility or internet access

What is a economic constraint?

Financial limitations such as limited budget.

What is a legal constraint?

Requirements imposed by laws and regulations.

What is user-centered design?

Designing software around users’ needs, abilities and preferences by involving them throughout development, including gathering feedback and testing.

What does a IPO chart include?

-Input
-Processing
-Output

What is Input in terms of IPO charts?

Data entered into the system

What is Processing in terms of IPO charts?

Operations performed on the data.

What is Output in terms of IPO Charts?

Information produced by the system

What are the data types?

-String
-Integer
-Float
-Boolean
-Character

What is string?

Text or sequence of characters e.g.”Apple”

What is integer?

A whole number e.g. 25

What is float?

A number containing a decimal e.g. 4.75

What is Boolean?

A value that is either True or False e.g. True

What is a character?

A single character e.g. ‘A’

What is a variable?

A named storage location whose value can change.

What is a constant?

A named value that cannot be changed while the program runs.

What is the setter method?

A method used to change an object’s attribute, subject to its rules.

What is a function?

A reusable block of code that returns a value.

What is a procedure?

A reusable block of code that performs an action without returning a value.

What are the control structures?

-Sequence
-Selection
-Iteration

What is sequence(control structures)?

Instructions execute in order.

What is selection(control structures)?

Chooses which instructions to execute based on a condition(IF/ELSE).

What is Iterations(control structures)?

Repeats instructions using a loop(FOR/WHILE).

What are the type of errors?

-Syntax error
-Runtime error
-Logic error

What is a syntax error?

Code breaks the programming language’s rules

What is a runtime error?

An error occurs while the program is executing

What is a logic error?

The program runs but produces an incorrect result.

What are the searching algorithms?

-Linear search
-Binary search

What is a linear search

Checks each item one by one until the target is found or the list ends.

What is binary search?

Repeatedly halves a sorted list to find the target.

What are the sorting algorithms?

-Quick Sort
-Selection Sort

What is quick sort?

Selects a pivot and partitions values around it, then sorts the partitions recursively.

What is selection sort?

Repeatedly selects the smallest or largest remaining value and places it in the correct position.

What is a testing table?

A test table records the test data, expected result and actual result to check whether software behaves correctly.

What is an Attribute(OOP)?

Data stored in a object.

What does “«include»” in use case diagrams mean?

A required behaviour that is included in another use case.

What does “«extends»” in use case diagrams mean?

Optional or conditional behaviour that extends another use case.

What is a Data flow diagram?

A DFD shows how data moves through a system.

What is external entity(DFDs)?

A person or external system that sends or receives data.

What is process(DFDs)?

Transforms incoming data into outgoing data.

What is data store(DFDs)?

Stores data

What is Data flow(DFDs)?

An Arrow showing the movement and direction of data.

What is the difference between an IPO chart and a DFD chart?

IPO chart shows the input, processing and output for an operation whilst DFD shows how data moves between processes, data stores and external entitities.

What is the difference between AND and OR

AND means both conditions must be true while OR means at least one condition must be true.

What do you do when tracing code?

1. Record each line in order

2. Record variable values after each assignment

3. Evaluate every condition using the actual values

4. Follow the correct branch or loop

5. Record the final output.

What is user access hierachy?

Gives users different permissions based on their roles.

What is Multi-factor Authentication(MFA)?

Requires two or more different types of proof to verify identity.

What is code review?

Examines source code to identify errors and security vulnerabilities.

What is threat modelling?

Identifies potential threats, vulnerabilities and security risks so suitable protections can be planned.

What is Phishing/Social Engineering?

Tricks people into revealing information or performing actions that compromise security.

What is regular backups?

Copies data so it can be restored after loss, damage or an attack.

What is patching?

Installs updates to fix bugs and known security vulneribilities.

What is privacy act 1988?

Australian legislation that regulates the handling of personal information by covered organisations and government agencies.

What is IPP?

Information Privacy Principle

What is APP?

Australian Privacy Principle

What is used for Victorian government agencies?

PDP act 2014(VIC) IPPS

What is used for private businesses with >$3Million turnover?

Privacy act 1988(cwlth) APPS

What is APP 1?

Open/Transparent+Privacy Policy

What is APP 6?

Use/Disclosure

What is APP 8?

Overseas Disclosure